“…In the 19th century many keen observers, such as General Rusling (1877), were impressed by what they could see and could infer about the canals. Systematic investigations began with Cushing in 1887, when the Hemenway Expedition cut a cross section through the canal that they found at Los Muertos (reported by Hodge in 1893), and prepared a map of the canals leading from the Salt River to the vicinity of Los Muertos (published by Haury, 1945a), that appears to consist of about equal parts of observation and imagination. A more satisfactory map, and one of a larger area, was published by Patrick in 1903, becoming the basis for Turney's map of 1922 and its later editions through 1929.…”