“…Since the poles of the denominator (1 +KH(z)) determine the stability of the modulator, for a given H(z), there will be a certain interval [Kmin, Kmax] for which the modulator is stable [4]. Assuming q(k) to be Gaussian white stochastic G(O, Gq2) and the transfer function between q(k) and y(k) to be known, then the output noise variance is given by:…”