Some Properties of Rattlesnake Venom Following 26 Years Storage.

Russell, Findlay E.; Emery, Jerry A.; Long, Truman E.

doi:10.3181/00379727-103-25654

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Antigenic integrity was then assessed to examine if such venoms may be of use in antivenom studies or production. This study differed from previous venom stability studies [22][23][24][25][26][27][28] in both the age of the samples, the taxonomical diversity present and the conductance of bioactivity studies. This study is therefore novel in examining the relative retention of biological activity, and therefore their relative usefulness, of venoms stored for very long periods of time.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

“…This study therefore concluded that such venoms could still be used for antivenom titration. A later study examined the effect upon toxicity of rattlesnake venom stored in closed containers at 42°F to 82°F in the dark for 26 to 27 years [28]. This study concluded that even after such long periods of time, venoms retained most of their lethality and physiological/pharmacological effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vintage venoms: Proteomic and pharmacological stability of snake venoms stored for up to eight decades

Jesupret

Baumann

Jackson

et al. 2014

Journal of Proteomics

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For over a century, venom samples from wild snakes have been collected and stored around the world. However, the quality of storage conditions for "vintage" venoms has rarely been assessed. The goal of this study was to determine whether such historical venom samples are still biochemically and pharmacologically viable for research purposes, or if new sample efforts are needed. In total, 52 samples spanning 5 genera and 13 species with regional variants of some species (e.g., 14 different populations of Notechis scutatus) were analysed by a combined proteomic and pharmacological approach to determine protein structural stability and bioactivity. When venoms were not exposed to air during storage, the proteomic results were virtually indistinguishable from that of fresh venom and bioactivity was equivalent or only slightly reduced. By contrast, a sample of Acanthophis antarcticus venom that was exposed to air (due to a loss of integrity of the rubber stopper) suffered significant degradation as evidenced by the proteomics profile. Interestingly, the Keywords:Mass spectrometry Toxinology Stability studies These results demonstrate that with proper storage techniques, venom samples can retain structural and pharmacological stability. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled:Proteomics of non-model organisms. Biological significance• These results show that with proper storage venoms are useful for decades.• These results have direct implications for the use of rare venoms.

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Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vintage venoms: Proteomic and pharmacological stability of snake venoms stored for up to eight decades

Jesupret

Baumann

Jackson

et al. 2014

Journal of Proteomics

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“…It is not due to a deficit in venous return, depression of the central nervous system, sudden electrolytic imbalance, or a decrease in total blood volume. G4 , 140,141,144 There is, however, a marked fall in circulating blood volume, which appears to be due to pooling.…”

Section: -30mentioning

confidence: 98%

Pharmacology of animal venoms

Russell

1967

Clin Pharma and Therapeutics

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The animal venoms are the most complex of all the poisons. The study of their physiopharmacological activities and the autopharmacological responses they produce is one of the most important new fields in toxicology. The value of venoms as tools in biochemistry and perhaps their use in the treatment of disease is also becoming apparent. Finally, the in;uries produced by venomous animals are of considerable medical importance. Some 35,000 to 50,000 persons a year die from the bites or stings of these animals, and perhaps some 10 million persons are poisoned by them each year. With these things in mind, the author has attempted to review some of the more important chemical and pharmacological properties of the toxins of representative poisonous species from the marine fauna, terrestrial snakes and arthropods. Some consideration has also been given to the venom apparatus of several species and to the medical problem of envenomation.

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“…Foaming was controlled with a silicone antifoam emulsion. Studies were made of the effects of the venom on the cardiovascular system using a modification of methods previously de~cribed.~' , 32 In five adult cats under pentobarbital hypnosis a common carotid artery and femoral vein were cannulated for measurement of arterial and venous pressures. Bipolar electrodes were placed in the skull over the frontal and parietal lobes, bilaterally.…”

Section: Ateuromuscular Transmission Studymentioning

confidence: 99%