Some Properties of Five New
            <i>Salmonella</i>
            Bacteriophages

Nutter, Robert L.; Bullas, Leonard R.; Schultz, Robert L.

doi:10.1128/jvi.5.6.754-764.1970

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Salmonella bacteriophage Lc (3), a clear-plaque-forming mutant of phage L, was kindly provided by C. Colson. Phage P3c (29), a clear-plaque-forming mutant of phage P3, was donated by L. R. Bullas and R. L. Nutter; P3 is able to propagate in both Salmonella and E. coli. Table 1 lists most of the bacterial strains used in this study; the Salmonella strains and Salmonella (donor) x E. coli (recipient) hybrid strains were generously provided by C. Colson.…”

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confidence: 99%

Salmonella typhimurium SA host specificity system is based on deoxyribonucleic acid-adenine methylation

Hattman¹,

Schlagman²,

Goldstein³

et al. 1976

J Bacteriol

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We have determined the nature of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) modification governed by the SA host specificity system of Salmonella typhimurium. Two lines of evidence indicate that SA modification is based on methylation of DNA-adenine residues. (i) The SA+ locus of Salmonella was transferred into Escherichia coli B, a strain that does not contain 5-methylcytosine in its DNA; although the hybrid strain was able to confer SA modification, its DNA still did not contain 5-methylcytosine. (ii) the N6-methyladenine content of phage L DNA was measured after growth in various host strains; phage lacking SA modification contained fewer Nf6-methyladenine residues per DNA. We also investigated the possibility, suggested by others (32), that SA modification protects phage DNA against restriction by the RII host specificity system. Phages X, P3, and L were grown in various SA+ and SA-hosts and tested for their relative plating ability on strains containing or lacking RII restriction; the presence or absence of SA modification had no effect on RII restriction. In vitro studies revealed, however, that Salmonella DNA is protected against cleavage by purified RII restriction endonuclease (R EcoRII). This protection is not dependent on SA modification; rather, it appears to be due to methylation by a DNA-cytosine methylase which has overlapping specificity with the RH modification enzyme, but which is not involved in any other known host specificity system.Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) restriction and modification (host specificity) is widespread in bacteria (1,2,4,28). This phenomenon has been shown to be due to the action of two enzyme activities, viz., a modification methylase, which adds methyl groups to adenine or cytosine residues contained in a specific DNA sequence(s), and a restriction endonuclease, which makes double-stranded cleavages in any duplex DNA lacking the appropriate methylation. The methylated bases produced by modification are N6-methyladenine (MeAde) or 5methylcytosine (MeC). The restriction and modification activities may be associated together in a single large multifunctional complex (type I) or as separate, independent molecular species (type II) (6).In Salmonella typhimurium, there are three known distinct restriction-modification systems: (i) LT, which maps near the proC locus (11); (ii) SA (previously designated S [9, 10]), which maps near the serB locus, and (iii) SB, which maps between SA and serB (10). The LT modification appears to be due to adeninespecific methylation (18). Since the SB modification system is allelic with the Escherichia coli B and K systems (34), it is likely that SB modification is based on adenine methylation. Slocum and Boyer (32) suggested that S-(or SA)-specific modification might be mediated by cytosine-specific methylation. This was based on their observation that after growth in an E. coli hybrid inheriting the S. typhimurium SA locus, phage X was completely resistant to RII restriction. Since the RII modification enzyme is a DNA-cytosine methylase (5, 30), it was prop...

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confidence: 99%

Salmonella typhimurium SA host specificity system is based on deoxyribonucleic acid-adenine methylation

Hattman¹,

Schlagman²,

Goldstein³

et al. 1976

J Bacteriol

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“…Proc., p. 196, 1971), Hattman (3) reported a variation in MAP content in phage P22 DNA as a function of host specificity. This was of particular interest since P22 is a group A Salmonella phage with DNA of approximately the same molecular weight as P3 DNA (P3 is a group B Salmonella phage) (4). Although the MAP values for his phage DNA species were approximately half of our MAP values, the results were comparable in that the ratio of MAP in phage grown in restrictive cells to MAP in phage grown in unrestrictive cells was about the same.…”

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confidence: 53%

“…through Escherichia coli K-12 or E. coli C+/L (4). The phage P3 K, modified by the E. coli passage is restricted by the original sensitive host, SP2-R, resulting in plating efficiencies of the order of 10-6.…”

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confidence: 99%

Change in Methylation of Salmonella Bacteriophage P3 Deoxyribonucleic Acid with Host-Controlled Modification by Escherichia coli

Nutter

Bullas

Siapco

et al. 1972

J Virol

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“…Furthermore, all phages except P4 and P9c were vectors of generalized transduction. The six bacteriophages therefore possessed properties which clearly placed them into the A group of Salmonella bacteriophages (11). Bacteriophage lysates were prepared by inoculation of exponentially growing cultures of the appropriate propagating strain growing in L broth with phages from a single isolated plaque of the bacteriophage.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We recently described a number of Salmonella bacteriophages which were placed into three groups designated A, B, and C (11). Group A phages isolated from different Salmonella serotypes, belonging to several Kauffmann-White (K-W) groups, were found to be morphologically identical, consisting of an hexagonal head about 55 nm in diameter with a short tail about 15 nm in length (3,11). We were led to the conclusion that such phages were probably widespread among the salmonellae.…”

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Serological Relationships of Salmonella A Bacteriophages Isolated from Salmonellae in Different Kauffmann- White Groups

Bullas

Nutter

1971

J Virol

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Six different Salmonella group A phages from salmonellae in Kauffmann-White groups B, C1, C2, and D were examined serologically. Those phages which were specific for a particular somatic antigen were found to be serologically very similar. Antiserum against a phage with one specificity was able to neutralize a different phage with the same specificity but unable to neutralize, in the normal way, a phage with a different specificity. Phages mixed with heterologous phage antiserum responded with an "inhibition response" in which there appeared to be a neutralization of the phage infectivity for the first 10 min, followed by a reversal of the neutralization until, by 20 or 25 min, there was no apparent neutralization. This response was interpreted to indicate that the adsorption antigens, probably situated on the tail fibers, were different for phages with different specificities but sufficiently similar so that heterologous antibodies could react with the antigens; but the antigen-antibody complex was quickly disassociated, resulting in a modification of the antibody molecules but no change in the specificity sites of the antigen. A subgrouping of the Salmonella A phages based on their antigenic specificity is suggested.

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Some Properties of Five New Salmonella Bacteriophages

Cited by 16 publications

References 19 publications

Salmonella typhimurium SA host specificity system is based on deoxyribonucleic acid-adenine methylation

Salmonella typhimurium SA host specificity system is based on deoxyribonucleic acid-adenine methylation

Change in Methylation of Salmonella Bacteriophage P3 Deoxyribonucleic Acid with Host-Controlled Modification by Escherichia coli

Serological Relationships of Salmonella A Bacteriophages Isolated from Salmonellae in Different Kauffmann- White Groups

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