Some Properties of Enzymes Involved in the Biosynthesis and Metabolism of 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA in Plants

Bach, Thomas J.; Weber, Thomas; Motel, Anja

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-8789-3_1

Cited by 36 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 193 publications

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“…Both intermediates are products of pyruvate decarboxylase-dehydrogenase reactions. This system appears to differ from the acetoacetyl-CoA synthase/3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase complex described for the ER and/or mitochondrion by Bach et al (3).…”

contrasting

confidence: 59%

“…The metabolically autonomic system of the developing chloroplast with prokaryotic organization is evidently capable of synthesizing the introductory intermediate of isoprenoid synthesis, presumably acetoacetylCoA, starting from two different C2-compounds. This reaction seems to differ from most eukaryotic systems known so far (3,4).…”

Section: -14c]dl-mevalonate In Light By Different Regions Of Leavesmentioning

confidence: 65%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Plastidic Isoprenoid Synthesis during Chloroplast Development

Heintze¹,

Görlach²,

Leuschner³

et al. 1990

Plant Physiol.

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contrasting

confidence: 59%

Section: -14c]dl-mevalonate In Light By Different Regions Of Leavesmentioning

confidence: 65%

Plastidic Isoprenoid Synthesis during Chloroplast Development

Heintze¹,

Görlach²,

Leuschner³

et al. 1990

Plant Physiol.

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“…They were also confirmed by incorporation of 13 C-labeled glucose into isoprenoids from bacteria utilizing glucose via the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway and by studies in other isoprenoid series such as the ubiquitous ubiquinones and menaquinones [16]. Incorporation of doubly labeled [4,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] C 2 ]glucose into the hopanoids and ubiquinone of Methylobacterium fujisawaense and of uniformly labeled [U- 13 C 6 ]glucose into the hopanoids from Z. mobilis afforded a definitive proof for the formation of the isoprene units via a C 2 and a C 3 subunit and shed light on a rearrangement reaction allowing the insertion of the C 2 subunit derived from pyruvate 11 between two carbon atoms from the triose phosphate-derived C 3 subunit [16,17]. This triose phosphate was identified as glyceraldehyde phosphate 10 by feeding E. coli mutants lacking each enzymes of the triose phosphate metabolism with either 13 C-labeled glycerol in the presence of unlabeled pyruvate, or 13 C-labeled pyruvate in the presence of unlabeled glycerol [17].…”

confidence: 92%

Mevalonate-independent methylerythritol phosphate pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis. Elucidation and distribution

Rohmer

2003

Pure and Applied Chemistry

143

103

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A long-overlooked metabolic pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis, the mevalonateindependent methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway, is present in many bacteria and in the chloroplasts of all phototrophic organisms. It represents an alternative to the well-known mevalonate pathway, which is present in animals, fungi, plant cytoplasm, archaebacteria, and some eubacteria. This contribution summarizes key steps of its elucidation and the state-ofthe-art knowledge of this biosynthetic pathway, which represents a novel target for antibacterial and antiparasitic drugs.

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“…Mev (6a-methylcompactin), also referred to as lovastatin, competitively inhibits the binding of the HMG-CoA substrate to the active site of the HMGR enzyme and consequently, blocks the synthesis of cytosolic IPP (Bach and Lichtenthaler, 1982) and phytosterol biosynthesis (Bach and Lichtenthaler, 1987;Bach et al, 1990). Mev treatment for 1 d in 4-week-old adventitious roots significantly decreased the total contents of major ginsenosides by about 34% compared with the control plants ( Fig.…”

Section: Activity Of Hmgr Is Positively Correlated With Ginsenoside Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Analysis of 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Encoding Genes in Triterpene Saponin-Producing Ginseng

et al. 2014

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Ginsenosides are glycosylated triterpenes that are considered to be important pharmaceutically active components of the ginseng (Panax ginseng 'Meyer') plant, which is known as an adaptogenic herb. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying the biosynthesis of triterpene saponin through the mevalonate pathway in ginseng remains unclear. In this study, we characterized the role of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) concerning ginsenoside biosynthesis. Through analysis of full-length complementary DNA, two forms of ginseng HMGR (PgHMGR1 and PgHMGR2) were identified as showing high sequence identity. The steady-state mRNA expression patterns of PgHMGR1 and PgHMGR2 are relatively low in seed, leaf, stem, and flower, but stronger in the petiole of seedling and root. The transcripts of PgHMGR1 were relatively constant in 3-and 6-year-old ginseng roots. However, PgHMGR2 was increased five times in the 6-year-old ginseng roots compared with the 3-year-old ginseng roots, which indicates that HMGRs have constant and specific roles in the accumulation of ginsenosides in roots. Competitive inhibition of HMGR by mevinolin caused a significant reduction of total ginsenoside in ginseng adventitious roots. Moreover, continuous dark exposure for 2 to 3 d increased the total ginsenosides content in 3-year-old ginseng after the dark-induced activity of PgHMGR1. These results suggest that PgHMGR1 is associated with the dark-dependent promotion of ginsenoside biosynthesis. We also observed that the PgHMGR1 can complement Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) hmgr1-1 and that the overexpression of PgHMGR1 enhanced the production of sterols and triterpenes in Arabidopsis and ginseng. Overall, this finding suggests that ginseng HMGRs play a regulatory role in triterpene ginsenoside biosynthesis.

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Some Properties of Enzymes Involved in the Biosynthesis and Metabolism of 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA in Plants

Cited by 36 publications

References 193 publications

Plastidic Isoprenoid Synthesis during Chloroplast Development

Plastidic Isoprenoid Synthesis during Chloroplast Development

Mevalonate-independent methylerythritol phosphate pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis. Elucidation and distribution

Functional Analysis of 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Encoding Genes in Triterpene Saponin-Producing Ginseng

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