Some Processes of Numerical Taxonomy in Terms of Distance

Proctor, Jean R.

doi:10.2307/sysbio/15.2.131

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Two standard methods of numerical taxonomy to build a tree from a distance matrix are average linkage and single linkage (Sokal and Sneath, 1963;Proctor, 1966; * Because of difficulties in determining the number of statistically independent distances, no precise level of significance can be attached to such correlations; they must be considered only as a rnathematical measure of similarity for the particular data involved. 7 4 5 6 2 1 9 8 1 0 3 7 4 3 2 6 1 9810 5 7 .…”

Section: Tree Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic relationships of Austrian cattle breeds

Kídd

Pirchner

1971

Animal Blood Groups and Biochemical Genetics

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Summary Methods of phylogenetic analysis were used to study the relationships of ten Central European cattle breeds using gene frequencies at eleven blood group and protein polymorphism loci. The results show remarkable agreement with historical and geographical relationships, but are different from the relationships postulated earlier in the century from studies of skull shape. Lowland cattle of Northern Germany are distinct from the West Alpine breeds, but the Pustertaler and Pinzgauer breeds from the Eastern Alps are more closely related to those lowland breeds than to the other Alpine breeds, suggesting they were brought from the North by Germanic settlers in the early Middle Ages. Thus, a sharp distinction between lowland cattle and all Alpine breeds seems unwarranted. Moreover, we find no evidence to justify a unique taxonomic position for Pustertaler, nor do we find any evidence that Spanish cattle might have influenced the Pinzgau. We find a close genetic relationship of the Murbodner breed to the Fleckvieh (Simmenthal) breeds that is not supported by any known historical relationship; it may indicate a little‐known human migration.

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Section: Tree Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic relationships of Austrian cattle breeds

Kídd

Pirchner

1971

Animal Blood Groups and Biochemical Genetics

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“…At present there does not seem to be a generally agreed definition of a cluster which would lead to a single accepted method of clustering. Different methods have been applied to the same data, and the results compared to suggest the deficiencies and relative merit of the methods (Lange, Stenhouse & Offler, 1965;'t Mannetje, 1967); methods have been compared on theoretical grounds (Sokal & Sneath, 1963;Proctor, 1966;Gower, I 967), and by applying them to artificially generated data (Lange et al I 965 ;Sneath, 1966).…”

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confidence: 99%

Numerical Classification of the Tribe Klebsielleae

Bascomb¹,

Lapage²,

Willcox³

et al. 1971

Journal of General Microbiology

118

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SUMMARYA numerical classification study was carried out on I 77 strains of Klebsiella and related groups. Three methods of numerical classification were used : median sorting, single linkage cluster analysis and minimum spanning tree. All three contributed to the final decision on the taxa, but yielded substantially the same results. Of the three, the median sorting, if used alone, would have provided the most information.The validity of the genus Klebsiella was confirmed but the inclusion of the three recognized species of Enterobacter in one genus was not confirmed. The genus Klebsiella was divided into six taxa, one of which is proposed as K. mobilis synon. Enterobacter aerogenes. E. cloacae occupied a rank similar to that of the genus Klebsiella, while E. liquefaciens was most closely related to the genus Serratia and it is proposed to include it as S. liquefaciens. Enterobacter 'pigment&' was found to be closely related to Chromobacterium typhiyavum.

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“…Equation (4) is the general coefficient of association of Colless (1967), and equation (5) is the simple matching coefficient (see Sokal and Sneath, 1963). SE = VSCB), as pointed out by Procter (1966). SE = VSCB), as pointed out by Procter (1966).…”

Section: Appendix On Similaeittes and Proximitiesmentioning

confidence: 74%

Taxometric Maps

Carmichael

Sneath

1969

Systematic Zoology

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Carmichael, J. W. (Mold Herbarium and Culture Collection, U. Alberta, Edmonton) and P. H. A. Sneath (M.R.C. Microbial Systematics Research Unit, U. Leicester, Leicester, England). 1969. Taxometric maps. Syst. Zool., 18:402-415. [Numerical taxonomy; taxometric maps].-An n X t table, recording the results of n different tests or observations on each of t items, contains information which may be used to classify the items (OTU's) according to their similarities and differences. We equate similarity with relative closeness, and difference with relative distance. Relative closeness and relative distance may be thought of as complementary measures of proximity. The process of converting an n X * table of test results into a t X t table of proximities between the pairs of items is called proximity analysis. The process of finding any isolated subsets of similar items is called cluster analysis.Taxometric methods are viewed as approaches to compressing the information in an n X t table into a graphic, best-fit model for the display of proximity and cluster relations among OTU's. Three general approaches are followed: 1) compression before proximity analysis, 2) compression as an intermediate step between proximity and cluster analysis, and 3) compression after cluster analysis. The utility of these approaches is compared.Taxometric maps are introduced as a means to display proximity and cluster relations. A procedure is given for preparing taxometric maps from cluster analysis results, and two examples are presented for illustration. An appendix on similarity and proximity equates three independently derived similarity coefficients, which are shown to be derivable from a city-block metric proximity measure. 402

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Some Processes of Numerical Taxonomy in Terms of Distance

Cited by 10 publications

References 3 publications

Genetic relationships of Austrian cattle breeds

Genetic relationships of Austrian cattle breeds

Numerical Classification of the Tribe Klebsielleae

Taxometric Maps

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