Some probable factors affecting the malaria situation before and at the beginning of a pre-elimination program in southeastern Iran

Nejati, Jalil; Tabatabaei, Seyed Mehdi; Salehi, Masoud; Saghafipour, Abedin; Mozafari, Ehssan

doi:10.1007/s12639-016-0838-6

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…While the region does not possess numerous water bodies ( 12 ), cement water tanks (ponds,) as usual water sources especially in rural areas, could be considered mosquitoes breeding places. The humidity in this region is mainly due to the Bengal Gulf streams, which come to Iran only in the summer ( 15 ). Despite the growing of date palm gardens, small farms, and even paddy fields in this province ( 11 ), the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) shows a thin vegetation cover ( 12 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Employing Different Traps for Collection of Mosquitoes and Detection of Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika Vector, Aedes albopictus, in Borderline of Iran and Pakistan

Nejati¹,

Zaim²,

Vatandoost³

et al. 2021

JAD

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Background: Southeastern Iran has been established as an area with the potential to harbor Asian tiger mosquito populations. In 2013, a few numbers of Aedes albopictus were detected in three sampling sites of this region. This field study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of various traps on monitoring mosquitoes and status of this dengue vector, in five urban and 15 suburban/rural areas. Methods: For this purpose, four adult mosquito traps (BG-sentinel 2, bednet, Malaise, and resting box trap) were used and their efficacy compared. In addition, large numbers of CDC ovitraps were employed, within 12 months. Results: A total of 4878 adult samples including 22 species covering five genera were collected and identified from traps. It was not revealed any collection of Ae. albopictus. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference in meteorological variables between the two periods, the previous report and the current study. There were significant differences in the total number of mosquitoes collected by various traps in the region across different months. Conclusion: The resulting data collected here on the efficiency of the various trap types can be useful for monitoring the densities of mosquito populations, which is an important component of a vector surveillance system. While the presence of Ae. albopictus was determined in this potential risk area, there is no evidence for its establishment and further monitoring needs to be carried out.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Employing Different Traps for Collection of Mosquitoes and Detection of Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika Vector, Aedes albopictus, in Borderline of Iran and Pakistan

Nejati¹,

Zaim²,

Vatandoost³

et al. 2021

JAD

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“…In the malarious areas of Iran, the majority of the malaria vectors are endophilic; therefore, an appropriate approach for controlling Anopheles mosquitoes is the application of IRS in the houses ( 58 ). The high effectiveness of IRS in the control of malaria is the main reason that Iranian government accepted IRS as one of the main control methods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge and Practices of Women Regarding Malaria and Its Prevention: A Community-Based Study in an Area under Malaria Elimination Programme in Iran

Zare,

Vatandoost,

Soleimani-Ahmadi

et al. 2024

JAD

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Background: Indoor residual spraying (IRS) and long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are two core interventions for control and prevention of malaria infection. This descriptive cross-sectional study aimed to determine the knowledge and practices of women regarding malaria and its preventive measures in a malarious area in the Jask County, southeast of Iran. Methods: Data was collected from 400 households through a two-stage random cluster sampling method in six villages. Pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect data. During the survey, visual observations were also made by the interviewers to check use of LLINs and IRS. The data were analyzed by SPSS software version 21. Results: The majority of households had a high level of knowledge about symptoms (98%, n=392) and transmission (74.5%, n=298) of malaria. The main preventive measures against malaria were: LLINS (39.5%, n=158), IRS (32%, n=128), and screens on doors/windows (16.7%, n=67). In addition, participants with primary or higher educational level reported that they practice more malaria preventive measures, compared to those who were illiterate (OR=3.3, 95% CI= 1.6–6.6, p=0.0001, Table 6). In spite of positive perceptions about IRS and LLINs, only 35.5% (n=142) and 17% (n=68) of households used IRS and LLINs, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, despite a high level of knowledge about malaria and its preventive measures, a small number of participants use LLINs and IRS for malaria prevention. Therefore, implementation of effective educational interventions is recommended to improve preventive practices against malaria in the study area.

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“…Unfortunately, the current study found that most migrants have no access to them. Although there is a policy of distributing free LLINs in the malaria elimination program in Iran [ 27 ], this protection tools do not cover all areas. However, migrants who had access to malaria protection tools; stated that they received it from the health system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Access, utilization, and barriers to using malaria protection tools in migrants to Iran

et al. 2022

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Background Imported malaria cases could be considered one of the threats to malaria elimination. Therefore, increasing migrants’ access to malaria preventive measures can play an essential role in maintaining appropriate conditions and preventing malaria outbreaks. This study aimed to provide detailed information about access, utilization, and barriers to using malaria protection tools in migrants to Iran. Methods This study was conducted in a vast region consisting of 4 provinces and 38 cities located in the south and southeast of the country. Study participants were migrants who moved to the study area in the past three months. A sample of 4163 migrants participated in the study. They were selected through a multi-stage sampling method to obtain a representative community sample. Data were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires about participants’ socio-demographic specification, commuting characteristics, travel aim, access, ways of preparing, and reasons to use or not to use malaria protection tools. Quantitative and qualitative variables were described and analyzed finally. Results The mean age of individuals was 28.6 ± 10.8, with a range of 3–88 years old. Migrants’ country of origin was Afghanistan (56.6%), Pakistan (38.4%), and Iran (5%). Most migrants (69.2%) did not have malaria protection tools while staying in Iran. Among those who procured the protection tools, 74% used long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs), 13.4% used mosquito repellent sticks and coil, and 12.7% did not use any tools. Respectively, lack of knowledge about where they can get LLINs, followed by being expensive, unavailability in the market, not cooperation of health officer, and no need to use were expressed as the causes for having no access. The main reasons for non-using the tools were lack of knowledge about their application, followed by a defect in protection tools, ineffectiveness, and being harmful, respectively. Migrants who were supported by an employer accessed more to LLINs. Conclusions This study reveals significant shortcomings in knowledge, access, and utilization of malaria protection tools among migrants in Iran. Inequitable access to public health services is predictable during migration; however, access to sustainable protection tools is recommended.

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Some probable factors affecting the malaria situation before and at the beginning of a pre-elimination program in southeastern Iran

Cited by 9 publications

References 23 publications

Employing Different Traps for Collection of Mosquitoes and Detection of Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika Vector, Aedes albopictus, in Borderline of Iran and Pakistan

Employing Different Traps for Collection of Mosquitoes and Detection of Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika Vector, Aedes albopictus, in Borderline of Iran and Pakistan

Knowledge and Practices of Women Regarding Malaria and Its Prevention: A Community-Based Study in an Area under Malaria Elimination Programme in Iran

Access, utilization, and barriers to using malaria protection tools in migrants to Iran

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