The anisotropic lattice fermion actions are investigated with the one-loop perturbative calculations aiming at constructing a formulation for heavy quark with controlled systematic uncertainties.For the heavy-light systems at rest the anisotropic lattice with small temporal lattice spacing a t suppresses the discretization error by a power of a t m Q for a heavy quark of mass m Q . We discuss the issue of large discretization errors, which scales as a s m Q with a s the spatial lattice spacing. By performing one-loop calculations of the speed-of-light renormalization for several possible lattice actions in the limit of a t → 0, we show that one can eliminate the large systematic error on the anisotropic lattice.