Some Physiological Properties of the `Menstrual Stimulant' Substances A1 and A2

Pickles, V. R.; Hall, William J.

doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0060315

Cited by 37 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Differences in the relative sensitivity of the rat and guinea-pig uterus to prostaglandins of the E and F series similar to those observed above have been reported by other workers (Bergstrom, Eliasson, Euler & Sjovall, 1959;Pickles & Hall, 1963;Horton & Main, 1965). The relative threshold concentration reported above for E1 and F2a on the uteri of the two species are in general agreement with those found by Swedish workers (Angg~rd & Bergstr6m, 1963;Eliasson, 1963), though Horton & Main (1965) were unable to confirm a threshold concentration for F2a as low as 1 ng/ml., using the rat uterus.…”

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confidence: 89%

Response of the Mammalian Uterus to Prostaglandins Under Differing Hormonal Conditions

Sullivan

1966

British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy

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METHODSProstaglandins E, and F2a were used in these experiments. Their formulae are shown in Fig. 1. Virgin female guinea-pigs of 450-500 g and rats of 170-190 g were used, and the uterine horns were studied in dioestrous or under the influence of oestrogens when the animals were in natural oestrus. The hormonal state of the animals was assessed by vaginal cytology, and those animals which were in natural oestrus were given oestradiol benzoate by subcutaneous injection 24 hr before experiments, 50 mg to guinea-pigs and 20 ,ug to rats. Each uterine horn was set up in a perspex organ bath of 5 ml. capacity. Two silver wire electrodes were fixed into grooves inside the organ bath and connected to leads from a stimulator. A modified Krebs solution at 30' C of the following composition was used (mM/l.): NaCl 123.1, NaHCO3 26.2, KCl 4.97, MgSO4 3.54, KH2PO4 12.5, CaCl2 0.27. Dextrose 1 g/l. was added. Gas (5% C02 in oxygen) was bubbled through the organ bath during experiments. The low calcium concentration in the Krebs solution and the comparatively low temperature ensured that spontaneous activity was abolished. In all experiments the myometrium was stimulated at 50 c/s sinusoidal a.c., the optimal stimulus strength being 15V for 5 sec repeated at intervals of 1 min. The apparatus used for measuring uterine tension has been previously described in detail (Styles & Sullivan, 1962;Sullivan, 1963). Briefly, isometric contractions were recorded with a differential capacitance transducer, the output voltage from which was coupled to a servo recorder, from which a kymograph tracing was obtained, and to an integrator motor. By integrating uterine tension in g against time in sec, the area under the curve of the kymograph tracing was measured and the results expressed as integrated tension in g sec. In all experiments doses of 0.2 ml. were left in the organ bath for 180 sec and the tension developed recorded on the integrator.Progesterone in aqueous solvent (Primolut, Schering A.G. Berlin) was added to the organ bath in some experiments.

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confidence: 89%

Response of the Mammalian Uterus to Prostaglandins Under Differing Hormonal Conditions

Sullivan

1966

British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy

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“…This 'menstrual stimulant' was also detected in endometrial curettings (Chambers & Pickles, 1958) and was shown to consist of three major components (Pickles & Clitheroe, 1960). The most potent, component A, was subsequently divided into two physiologically active constituents Al and A2 (Pickles & Hall, 1963) which were found to be identical with prostaglandin F. (PGFu) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), respectively (Eglinton, Raphael, Smith, Hall & Pickles, 1963). It has been reported that the activity of endometrial extracts is higher in the post-ovulatory than in the pre-ovulatory phase of the cycle (Chambers, 1960;Clitheroe, 1961;Pickles, Hall, Best & Smith, 1965).…”

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Levels of Prostaglandins in Human Endometrium During the Normal Menstrual Cycle

Downie

Poyser

Wunderlich

1974

Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey

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The levels of prostaglandins in the human endometrium throughout the normal menstrual cycle were measured by bioassay. The identity of prostaglandin F. and prostaglandin E2 in endometrial tissue extracts was established by combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The levels of prostaglandin F2,, and prostaglandin E2 are low during the proliferative phase of the cycle (10-25 ng/100 mg tissue). Prostaglandin F2. rises significantly during the luteal phase to levels of 65-75 ng/100 mg of tissue. Prostaglandin E2 levels are similar to prostaglandin Fu levels in the proliferative phase but remain lower during the luteal phase. The prostaglandin E2 level is highest at menstruation (52 ng/100 mg tissue). The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the menstrual process and to the steroid hormonal changes during the cycle.

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“…PGFla and PGEl were almost certainly also present in the extracts, but as they were not fully identified the finding was not published. A little more detail of the effects of PGF2, and PGE2 (under interim names of menstrua!-stimulant components A I and A 2 ) , by comparison with the known effects of seminal-fluid prostaglandin as described by Eliasson (17), was published separately (38). Confirmatory results from a further large batch of menstrual dressings, from a much smaller batch provided by seven dysmenorrheic subjects, and from a few curettings, were given later (39).…”

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confidence: 99%

Prostaglandins and Dysmenorrhea

Pickles

1979

Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand

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This survey traces the development of the main ideas and experimental findings on the function of endometrial prostaglandins in stimulating the expulsive contractions of the myometrium during normal menstruation, and the effect of excessive action of this nature in producing dysmenorrhea. Some observations are also given on the 'menotoxin', an unidentified substance which is toxic to certain plants and which may or may not prove relevant to gynecology.Areas where further fundamental work is needed are suggested. The survey is not a complete review of the topic, which would need a much longer paper.

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Some Physiological Properties of the `Menstrual Stimulant' Substances A1 and A2

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

Response of the Mammalian Uterus to Prostaglandins Under Differing Hormonal Conditions

Response of the Mammalian Uterus to Prostaglandins Under Differing Hormonal Conditions

Levels of Prostaglandins in Human Endometrium During the Normal Menstrual Cycle

Prostaglandins and Dysmenorrhea

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