Some physiological aspects of bone marrow pressure

Degenerative endplate changes of the lumbosacral spine: Dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI profiles related to age, sex, and spinal level

“…Bone acts as a closed chamber, without known autoregulatory mechanisms of marrow microcirculation (29,32,33). Changes in fast contrast kinetics reflect alterations of marrow microvasculature and EES, since contrast does not enter the intracellular space.…”

Blood perfusion uneven in femoral head osteonecrosis: Doppler flowmetry and intraosseous pressure in 12 cases

“…The LDF signal was obtained either through the cartilage of the femoral head (Bassett et al 1991) or through a drill hole in the femoral bone (Vegter and Klopper 1991). However, in a clinical study, Swiontkowski et al ( 1987) has found a close correlation between measurements through the articular cartilage and those obtained intraosseously through a drill hole, and animal experiments have shown undisturbed blood flow after bone cannulation for pressure measurements (Wilkes andVisscher 1975, Bouteiller et al 1984).…”

Hemodynamics of the juvenile knee

“…Various procedures such as the use of threaded cannulae (Polster 1970), conical cannulae (Lemperg & Arnoldi 1978) and dental cement (Azuma 1964) have been applied in an effort to counteract leakage. Wilkes and Wisscher (1975) avoided bone marrow cannulation by developing a tonometric technique, by which they removed the cortical bone and left the endosteal membrane intact. However, this method is rather time consuming, has a 50% failure rate and cannot be used in cancellous bone, Due to the homogeneous structure of normal immature bones adjacent to joints and their increased deformeability, the pressure measured here by cannulae would not necessarily meet the same problems.…”

“…Most authors suggest that the marrow pressure is related to the medullary venous pressure (Held & Thron 1962, Michelsen 1967. Wilkes & Wisscher (1975) who measured on the exposed endosteal membrane in Nembutal anaesthesia found a marrow pressure of 3.1k0.7 kPa (17% of MAP) and nearly equal to the nutrient vein end pressure averaging 2.5k0.8 kPa. In Nembutal anaesthesia Polster 1970 reported from multiple pressure registration in the rabbit femur, that the epiphyseal pressure in 86% of the cases was lower than the diaphyseal marrow pressure.…”