Some physical properties of the coconut palm stem

Killmann, W.

doi:10.1007/bf00372314

Cited by 31 publications

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“…Des recherches similaires ont été réalisées sur la tige du cocotier (Cocos nucifera) [7][8][9]. Les valeurs des densités moyennes au centre et à la périphérie de la tige du cocotier obtenues par Killmann [7], étaient respectivement de 0,31 et 0,73 g/cm3.…”

Section: Cmss-2017unclassified

“…Les valeurs des densités moyennes au centre et à la périphérie de la tige du cocotier obtenues par Killmann [7], étaient respectivement de 0,31 et 0,73 g/cm3. Selon cette étude, le retrait tangentiel, radial et longitudinal au centre de la tige avaient respectivement des valeurs de 3,46 % , 3,35 % et 0,18 % tandis qu'à la périphérie de la tige, les retraits tangentiel, radial et longitudinal avaient respectivement des valeurs de 6,33 %, 5,97 % et 0,08 %.…”

Section: Cmss-2017unclassified

“…Le rapport de la valeur de l'infradensité à la périphérie sur sa valeur au centre est d'environ 2,33. Des rapports de 2,35 et de 2 de la densité à la périphérie sur la densité au centre de la tige de cocotier, ont été également trouvés par Killmann [7] et Fathi et Frühwald [8] respectivement.…”

Section: Infradensitéunclassified

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Some physical properties of the date palm stem

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The main objective of this study was to test some technological performances of date palm stem (Phoenix dactylifera L.) from the region of Marrakech in Morocco with a view to its use in housing construction in southern Moroccan regions. Physical characteristics were determined according to French AFNOR standards. The samples used were respectively 20 mm × 20 mm × 20 mm in the longitudinal, radial and tangential directions. All the results obtained were the average of the measurements on 50 samples. The results obtained showed that the moisture content has an average value of 15 % at the center of stem and 18 % at the periphery and the infradensity has a value of 0.18 g / cm3 in the center and 0.42 g / cm3 in the periphery. For samples from the center, the tangential, radial and longitudinal shrinkage were respectively 2.02 %, 1.77 %, and 0.42 %, while on the periphery of the stem the tangential, radial and longitudinal shrinkage were respectively 3.41 %, 2.98 % and 0.34 %. These results showed that the stem center has better dimensional stability compared to the peripheral region of the stem. Keywords: Date palm, Phoenix dactylifera L., Moisture content, Infradensity, shrinkage. Quelques propriétés physiques de la tige du palmier dattierRésumé : L'objectif principal de cette étude était de tester quelques performances technologiques de la tige du palmier dattier (Phoenix dactylifera L.) de la région de Marrakech au Maroc en vue de son utilisation dans la construction d'habitat dans les régions du sud marocain. Des caractéristiques physiques ont été déterminées selon les normes françaises AFNOR. Les échantillons utilisés étaient respectivement de 20 mm × 20 mm × 20 mm dans les directions longitudinale, radiale et tangentielle. Tous les résultats obtenus étaient la moyenne des mesures sur 50 échantillons. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que l'humidité avait une valeur moyenne de 15 % au centre et 18 % à la périphérie de la tige et que l'infradensité avait une valeur de 0,18 g/cm 3 au centre et 0,42 g/cm 3 à la périphérie. Au centre de la tige le retrait tangentiel, radial et longitudinal avaient respectivement des valeurs de 2,02 % , 1,77% et de 0,42% tandis qu'à la périphérie de la tige, les retraits tangentiel, radial et longitudinal avaient respectivement des valeurs de 3,41 %, 2,98 % et 0,34 %. Ces résultats ont montré que le centre de la tige présentait une meilleure stabilité dimensionnelle par rapport à la périphérie.

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Section: Cmss-2017unclassified

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Some physical properties of the date palm stem

et al. 2018

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“…Cocos nucifera: Richolson & Swarup 1977, Sudo 1980, Killmann 1983, Iriartea gigantea, Socratea durissima: Rich 1987a). The finding that A. maripa stem density is much more homogeneous than that of A. aculeatum is also consistent with observations that palm tree species can range widely in the extent to which density varies across the stem (Tomlinson 1961, 1990, Zimmermann 1973, Rich 1987b, 1987a.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The palm stem is more heterogeneous and undergoes more marked internal changes. Within the palm tree stem, density tends to be higher towards both the stem periphery and its base (Richolson & Swarup 1977, Sudo 1980, Killmann 1983). Stiffness increase within palm stems prevents a steep growth in the risk of mechanical failure (Tomlinson & Zimmerman 1967, Tomlinson 1979, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem density and growth of Attalea maripa and Astrocaryum aculeatum: implication for arborescent palms distribution across Amazonian forests

Salm

2004

Biota Neotrop.

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This study examines aspects of the stem density and growth of two large arborescent palms Attalea maripa and Astrocaryum aculeatum and discusses their implication for the palm trees distribution in Amazonia. Stem density and growth were investigated through both laboratory measurements and field estimates of growth rates. The densities of stem samples collected within one individual of each studied species were very distinct. The samples of A. maripa stem were more homogeneous in density than those of A. aculeatum, both from the internal to the external, and from the lower to the upper parts of the stem. Field estimates of stem growth rates revealed that A. maripa growth is also more constant through development in height. Short A. aculeatum palms had faster growth rates than A. maripa, as they get taller, stem growth rates are reduced and approach A. maripa rates. The implications for arborescent palms distribution across Amazonian forests are discussed. Key words: Amazonia, Astrocaryum aculeatum, Attalea maripa, Distribution, Palms, Stem density ResumoEste estudo examina aspectos da densidade do caule e crescimento de duas palmeiras arborescentes de grande porte Attalea maripa e Astrocaryum aculeatum e discute suas implicações para a distribuição de palmeiras arborescentes na Amazônia. Densidade dos caules e crescimento foram investigados através de uma combinação de medidas de laboratório e estimativas de campo de taxas de crescimento. As densidades de amostras do caule coletadas de um indivíduo de cada espécie foram muito distintas. As amostras do caulde de A. maripa foram mais homogêneas em densidade que aquelas de A. aculeatum, tanto das partes internas para externas, como inferiores para superiores dos caules. Estimativas de campo de crescimento do caule revelaram que o crescimento de A. maripa também é mais constante ao longo do desenvolvimento. Palmeiras A. aculeatum baixas tiveram crescimento mais rápido que A. maripa, palmeiras mais altas têm seu crescimento reduzido a níveis semelhantes ao de A. maripa. São discutidas as implicações para a distribuição de palmeiras na Amazônia. Palavras-chave:

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Developmental Anatomy of the Stem of Welfia Georgii, Iriartea Gigantea, and Other Arborescent Palms: Implications for Mechanical Support

Rich

1987

American J of Botany

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Changes in stem anatomy with radial position and height were studied for the arborescent palms Welfia georgii, Iriartea gigantea, Socratea durissima, Euterpe macrospadix, Prestoea decurrens, and Cryosophila albida. Vascular bundles are concentrated toward the stem periphery and peripheral bundles contain more fibers than central bundles. Expansion and cell wall thickening of fibers within vascular bundles continues throughout the life of a palm, even in the oldest tissue. Within individual vascular bundles, the fibers nearest the phloem expand first and fiber cell walls become heavily thickened. A front of expanding fibers moves outward from the phloem until all fibers within a vascular bundle are fully expanded and have thick cell walls. Peripheral vascular bundles differentiate first and inner bundles later. In the stem beneath the crown, vascular bundles and ground tissue cells show little or no size increase, but marked cell wall thickening during development for Welfia georgii. Beneath the crown, diameters of peripheral vascular bundles increase more than twofold for Iriartea gigantea, while diameters of central bundles do not increase. In Iriartea stems, ground tissue cells at the periphery elongate to accommodate expanding vascular bundles and cell walls become thickened to a lesser degree than in fibers; central ground tissue cells elongate markedly, but cell walls do not become thickened; and large lacunae form between central parenchyma cells. For Iriartea, Socratea, and Euterpe, sustained cell expansion results in limited, but significant increases in stem diameter. For all species, sustained cell wall thickening results in dramatic increases in stem stiffness and strength.

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Some physical properties of the coconut palm stem

Cited by 31 publications

References 1 publication

Some physical properties of the date palm stem

Some physical properties of the date palm stem

Stem density and growth of Attalea maripa and Astrocaryum aculeatum: implication for arborescent palms distribution across Amazonian forests

Developmental Anatomy of the Stem of Welfia Georgii, Iriartea Gigantea, and Other Arborescent Palms: Implications for Mechanical Support

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