Some Physical Aspects of Insect Respiration

Buck, John D.

doi:10.1146/annurev.en.07.010162.000331

Cited by 117 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…The original concept of discontinuous respiration in Cecropia, interpreted and misinterpreted many times in numerous review articles (Buck, 1962;Miller, 1981;Kestler, 1985;Lighton, 1996;Wasserthal, 1996;Chown et al, 2006), assumed continuous diffusion and accumulation of CO2 within the tracheal system. The intratracheal concentrations of CO2 were accordingly thought to increase up to as much as 6%, which was previously known to cause the opening of the spiracular valves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Investigations of the discontinuous CO2 release by insects were a common topic of many papers and review articles some four decades ago (Schneiderman & Williams, 1955;Schneiderman, 1960;Sláma, 1960;Buck, 1962;Levy & Schneiderman, 1966a, b, c). The studies were mostly made on giant diapausing pupae of the Cecropia silkworm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to these mechanistic DGC or OCF concepts, gaseous CO2 should continuously accumulate within the closed tracheal system until its concentration reached about 6.4% (Levy & Schneiderman, 1958, 1966aSchneiderman, 1960). The high concentration of CO2 then caused the spiracular valves to open and let the accumulated CO2 diffuse out through the widely open spiracles (see reviews by Buck, 1962;Brockway & Schneiderman, 1967;Burkett & Schneiderman, 1974b;Miller, 1981;Kestler, 1985;Lighton, 1996;Wasserthal, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new look at discontinuous respiration in pupae of Hyalophora cecropia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae): Haemocoelic pressure, extracardiac pulsations and O<sub>2 </sub>consumption

Sláma¹

2010

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. Discontinuous respiration in diapausing pupae of Cecropia silkworms was monitored by means of several electronic methods, including recording changes in haemocoelic pressure, monitoring respiratory movements by strain-gauge sensors and nanorespirographic recording of O2 consumption and CO2 output. It appears that, in contrast to previous concepts of stereotypic discontinuous respiration cycles (DGC) driven by accumulation of gaseous CO2 in the body, the new results indicate that CO2 remains dissolved in liquid carbonate buffers during interburst periods. In other words, there is no accumulation of gaseous CO2 within the air filled tracheal space between the bursts. The bursts of CO2 are caused by homeostatically regulated enzymatic hydration by carbonic anhydrase of metabolically produced carbonic acid. The chemically produced gaseous CO2 was exhaled mainly by a bulk outflow through selectively opened or pulsating spiracles. The output of CO2 was enhanced by actively regulated, unidirectional ventilation. The deep depressions in haemocoelic pressure, caused by permanent closure of all spiracular valves for long periods, appeared to be a specific feature of diapausing saturniid pupae. Physiologically, it has circulatory, not respiratory functions. The original definition of spiracular "fluttering" resulted from a misinterpretation of previously unknown extracardiac pulsations in haemocoelic pressure. The coordinated pulsation of the spiracular valves with extracardiac pulsations produce a very efficient, unidirectional ventilation of the whole tracheal system. According to the new results, the discontinuous respiration cycles of diapausing Cecropia pupae can be briefly described as follows: (1) Spiracular valves are kept permanently closed during the periods of deep depressions, they remain closed for some 99% of the time with occasional snap opening (passive inspirations) during prolonged interburst periods and more than 50% closed during the bursts; (2) During the long interburst periods, CO2 is retained in liquid carbonate buffers, while the relatively high (after the burst) or low (toward the next burst) rate of O2 consumption creates an internal vacuum, which is homeostatically compensated for by the snap-opening of one or just a few spiracular valves (passive suction inspirations); (3) The CO2 gas, produced enzymatically by carbonic anhydrase, enters the air filled tracheal system and leaves the body by diffusion, a bulk outflow, or actively regulated unidirectional ventilation ("fluttering" spiracles). The selective advantage of this actively regulated respiratory system for water retention in pupae is discussed. 487* This work is dedicated to the memory of the late Prof. H.A. Schneiderman for his pioneering work on discontinuous respiration cycles in insects. Prof. Schneiderman was awarded the Gregor Mendel gold medal by the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences in 1990. His extensive reprint collection on insect respiration was kindly donated to the Institute of Entomology, Czech Academy of Sciences...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new look at discontinuous respiration in pupae of Hyalophora cecropia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae): Haemocoelic pressure, extracardiac pulsations and O<sub>2 </sub>consumption

Sláma¹

2010

Eur. J. Entomol.

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“…Within the tracheal system of insects, as also in human lungs, diffusion plays an essential role inside, at the liquid/gas interphase. The diffusion velocities of the respiratory gases (O2, N2, and CO2) are more than million-fold slower in haemolymph or tissues than in the air (Buck 1962;Schneiderman 1960). Insects, with a multispiracular tracheal system solved the problem of liquid/gas diffusion by tracheoles protruding up to the vicinity of mitochondria in the metabolizing cells (Wigglesworth 1947(Wigglesworth , 1965.…”

Section: Specific Characteristics Of Insect Respiratory Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terrestrial Insects with Tracheae Breath by Actively Regulating Ventilatory Movements: Physiological Similarities to Humans

Sláma¹,

Santiago‐Blay²

2017

LEB

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“…In adult and pupal stage of many insects, visible abdominal contractions are known to actively ventilate the tracheal system (Buck, 1962;Miller, 1974Miller, , 1981Mill, 1985, for reviews). These vigorous abdominal contractions are known as abdominal pumping.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regular periods of abdominal contractions recorded from larvae of the bumblebee, Bombus terrestris (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Mänd¹,

Kuusik²,

Martin³

et al. 2006

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. Using an opto-cardiograph combined with an infrared gas analyzer regular bouts of abdominal contractions were recorded from last instar larva of Bombus terrestris. The rate of CO2 release was about 0.7 ml g -1 h -1 . The bouts of contractions were of two types: weak extracardiac pulsations and vigorous pumping. The frequencies of pulsations and pumping were 25-35 per min and 8-12 per min, respectively. Bouts of extracardiac pulsations and abdominal pumping were independent of each other and sometimes overlapped. Cardiac contractions (heartbeats) were continuous (57-63 pulses/min). This study suggests that the periodically occurring abdominal contractions play an essential role in respiration and/or in haemolymph circulation in larvae of B. terrestris.

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Some Physical Aspects of Insect Respiration

Cited by 117 publications

References 81 publications

A new look at discontinuous respiration in pupae of Hyalophora cecropia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae): Haemocoelic pressure, extracardiac pulsations and O<sub>2 </sub>consumption

A new look at discontinuous respiration in pupae of Hyalophora cecropia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae): Haemocoelic pressure, extracardiac pulsations and O<sub>2 </sub>consumption

Terrestrial Insects with Tracheae Breath by Actively Regulating Ventilatory Movements: Physiological Similarities to Humans

Regular periods of abdominal contractions recorded from larvae of the bumblebee, Bombus terrestris (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

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