Some Philosophical Problems from the Standpoint of Artificial Intelligence

McCarthy, John; Hayes, Patrick J.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-934613-03-3.50033-7

Cited by 1,403 publications

(1,106 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The Situation Calculus [Mc69] shares the same general aim of EC, i.e. to formalise common sense reasoning about the initiation and persistence of properties and relationships over the course of time.…”

Section: The Temporal Dimensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using a general theory of time and change in patient monitoring: Experiment and evaluation

Chittaro

Dojat

1997

Computers in Biology and Medicine

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Explicit representation of time and change is an essential feature for building medical decision support systems. In this paper, we propose to use one of the well-known general theories of time and change, namely the Event Calculus [Ko86], to represent temporal aspects in intelligent medical monitoring systems. In particular, we explore the application of CEC [Ch96a] (an efficient implementation of the Event Calculus) to the management of mechanical ventilation, using it to interpret change in data over time, assess patient status and its evolution, and choose the proper respiratory therapy. First, we present the prototype we have built, which has been extensively tested on patient's data reflecting several real clinical situations. Then, we provide a thorough evaluation of the obtained results, pointing out both strengths and weaknesses of adopting the Event Calculus as a temporal reasoning formalism in patient monitoring. We also identify a number of extensions which can be extremely useful in order to ease the scaling up of the possible medical applications of the approach.

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Section: The Temporal Dimensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using a general theory of time and change in patient monitoring: Experiment and evaluation

Chittaro

Dojat

1997

Computers in Biology and Medicine

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“…A frame problem, however, hides here (McCarthy and Hayes, 1969;Dennett, 1984). In a complex world, such as that a robot or human faces, it does not make sense to try to predict each and everything.…”

Section: Route To Cognition -Temporary Bodily Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A wealth of possible problems has been put forward for explaining this. Most influential was here the discussion of the symbol grounding problem (Searle, 1980;Harnad, 1990) and the frame problem of AI (McCarthy and Hayes, 1969;Dennett, 1984) as this had prepared the ground for the germs of EC. Meanwhile a large number of articles have appeared discussing, often in a controversial way, which conditions are necessary for embodied cognition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive agents — a procedural perspective relying on the predictability of Object-Action-Complexes (OACs)

Wörgötter

Agostini

Krüger

et al. 2009

Robotics and Autonomous Systems

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Embodied cognition suggests that complex cognitive traits can only arise when agents have a body situated in the world. The aspects of embodiment and situatedness are being discussed here from the perspective of linear systems theory. This perspective treats bodies as dynamic, temporally variable entities, which can be extended (or curtailed) at their boundaries. We show how acting agents can, for example, actively extend their body for some time by incorporating predictably behaving parts of the world and how this affects the transfer functions. We suggest that primates have mastered this to a large degree increasingly splitting their world into predictable and unpredictable entities. We argue that temporary body extension may have been instrumental in paving the route for the development higher cognitive complexity as it is reliably widening the cause-effect horizon about the actions of the agent. A first robot experiment is sketched to support these ideas. We continue discussing the concept of Object-Action Complexes (OACs) introduced by the European PACO-PLUS consortium to emphasize the notion that for a cognitive agent objects and actions are inseparably intertwined. In another robot experiment we devise a semi-supervised procedure using the OAC-concept to demonstrate how an agent can acquire knowledge about its world. Here the notion of predicting changes fundamentally underlies the implemented procedure and we try to show how this concept can be used to improve the robot's inner model and behaviour. Hence, in this article we have tried to show how predictability can be used to augment the agent's body and to acquire knowledge about the external world, possibly leading to more advanced cognitive traits.

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“…We describe it here in terms of its relation to the better-known situation calculus [16,26]. The original version of the situation calculus is designed for reasoning about a single agent who can choose between actions.…”

Section: The Time Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

A First-order Theory of Communication and Multi-agent Plans

Davis

Morgenstern

2005

Journal of Logic and Computation

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This paper presents a theory expressed in first-order logic for describing and supporting inference about action, knowledge, planning, and communication, in an egalitarian multi-agent setting. The underlying ontology of the theory uses a situation-based temporal model and a possible-worlds model of knowledge. It supports plans and communications of a very general kind, both informative communications and requests. Communications may refer to states of the world or states of knowledge in the past, present, or future. We demonstrate that the theory is powerful enough to represent several interesting multi-agent planning problems and to justify their solutions. We have proven that the theory of knowledge, communication, and planning is consistent with a broad range of physical theories, despite the existence of a number of potential paradoxes.

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Some Philosophical Problems from the Standpoint of Artificial Intelligence

Cited by 1,403 publications

References 23 publications

Using a general theory of time and change in patient monitoring: Experiment and evaluation

Using a general theory of time and change in patient monitoring: Experiment and evaluation

Cognitive agents — a procedural perspective relying on the predictability of Object-Action-Complexes (OACs)

A First-order Theory of Communication and Multi-agent Plans

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