“…In all the countries studied, the young people had a number of complex and overlapping problems that they needed help to address including substance use, offending, homelessness, poverty, mental health issues, family and relationship difficulties, school exclusion, unemployment and child exploitation (i.e. in relation to drug dealing and county lines in the United Kingdom) (Duke et al, 2020; Frank et al, 2021; Herold et al, 2019; Rolando et al, 2021). Their narratives were often infused with experiences of trauma, disadvantage and deprivation.…”