Some observations on the dose transfer of mycoinsecticide sprays to desert locusts

Bateman, Roy; Douro-Kpindou, O.K.; Kooyman, C.; Lomer, C. J.; Ouambama, Z.

doi:10.1016/s0261-2194(97)00113-0

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This effectively limited their ßying ability such that they could not escape, but careful observation suggested that other behaviors, particularly thermoregulation, was unaffected. Bateman et al (1998) had previously used paper clips to immobilize adult Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål) in arena trials. However, it was felt that the proximity of a metal paper clip to the insect body under potentially hot conditions may have affected thermal behavior.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Behavior of Two Acridid Species: Effects of Habitat and Season on Body Temperature and the Potential Impact on Biocontrol with Pathogens

Blanford

Thomas

2000

Environ Entomol

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Thermoregulatory behavior was studied in two key acridid pest species from west and south Africa. Locustana pardalina Walker (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from the arid Karoo region of South Africa was an active behavioral thermoregulator using postural adjustments and microhabitat selection to elevate and then maintain body temperatures at a preferred level between 38 and 41ЊC for much of the day. Both cool weather and time of season signiÞcantly affected the ability of these locusts to reach and maintain these preferred temperatures. Hieroglyphus daganensis Krauss (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from the humid tropical river valleys of west Africa was not an active behavioral thermoregulator and showed none of the postures or habitat selection associated with such behavior. Body temperatures varied little across the day being generally around 32ЊC. The humid, wet habitat where this species occurs and the uniformity of the thermal environment appeared to preclude the development of elaborate thermal behaviors seen in L. pardalina and other behaviorally thermoregulating ectotherms. The implications of host thermal behavior and the marked difference both within and between species under different environmental conditions are discussed in terms of biological control using a biopesticide based on an entomopathogenic fungus. It is concluded that the fundamental importance of host body temperature in relation to the Þtness of the insect and its ability to cope with disease challenge, although generally overlooked in biocontrol programs, has signiÞcant implications for the successful development of microbial pest control.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Behavior of Two Acridid Species: Effects of Habitat and Season on Body Temperature and the Potential Impact on Biocontrol with Pathogens

Blanford

Thomas

2000

Environ Entomol

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“…acridum have demonstrated that host thermal biology and diurnal temperature range are key factors determining efficacy ( Inglis et al , 1997( Inglis et al , , 1999Blanford and Thomas, 1999a, b;Arthurs and Thomas, 2000;. For example, under ideal temperature conditions of 25 -32 °C, the time to death of locusts after treatment can be within 7 days ( Thomas and Jenkins, 1997;Bateman et al , 1998;Lomer et al , 2001 ). However, conditions in the field are not constant and temperatures may fluctuate widely.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a model for evaluating the effects of environmental temperature and thermal behaviour on biological control of locusts and grasshoppers using pathogens

Klass

Blanford

Thomas

2007

Agri and Forest Entomology

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1 Recent years have seen an upsurge in locust and grasshopper populations in many parts of the world. Environmentally sustainable approaches to locust and grasshopper control may be possible through the use of biopesticides based on entomopathogenic fungi. Unfortunately, the performance of these biopesticides is highly variable with environmental temperature and host thermoregulatory behaviour critically determining the pattern and extent of mortality after applications. Here, we present a temperature-dependent model that enables us to predict the field performance of Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum , the key fungal pathogen used in locust biopesticides. 2 The model was constructed using mortality rate data generated across a range of temperatures in the laboratory and is driven by environmental temperature data linked through host body temperature models. 3 Model predictions were validated against empirical field data obtained for five species, Locustana pardalina , Oedaleus senegalensis , Zonocerus variegatus , Nomadacris septemfasciata and Chortoicetes terminifera. Mortality predictions were accurate to a 2-day error in every 10 days. This level of resolution is satisfactory to guide operational use of the biopesticide. 4 The model was subsequently used for a prospective evaluation of the performance of M. anisopliae var. acridum against two additional pest species, Dociostaurus maroccanus and Calliptamus italicus in Spain. Results suggest that this pathogen would work reasonably well against these species as long as early instars are targeted. 5 The model could provide a useful tool to assist in interpreting effectiveness of control operations, develop improved application strategies to optimize the performance of the biopesticide and identify appropriate target species and environments. Model assumptionsAs indicated above, because a massive inundation of spores after a spray application is considered, certain ecological factors such as disease transmission and age structure of the host population, which might otherwise be important in studyingPredicting success of locust and grasshopper biocontrol 191

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“…Bateman et al (1998) found no significant difference in the average survival period between locusts exposed directly and those picking up conidia exclusively from the contaminated vegetation. In this case, conidia may persist for appreciable times in the treated areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Secondary pick-up from treated vegetation is an important mode of exposure of the insect to conidia (Lomer et al, 1993Thomas et al, 1996Thomas et al, , 1997Thomas et al, , 1998Bateman et al, 1998;Kassa et al, 2004). In field conditions, Van der Valk (2007) concluded, in his review of the efficacy of M. acridum against the desert locust, that this mode presents the most important mode of exposure of locusts and grasshoppers to M. acridum conidia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and persistence of Metarhizium acridum (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) used against desert locust larvae, Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae), under different vegetation cover types

Atheimine

Bashir

Ely

et al. 2014

Int. J. Trop. Insect Sci.

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The effect of vegetation cover (millet) on the efficacy and conidial persistence of Metarhizium acridum (Driver & Milner) J.F. Bisch., Rehner & Humber was evaluated in semi-field conditions using breeding cages (2 £ 2 £ 1 m). A mixed population of third-and fourth-instar desert locust larvae, Schistocerca gregaria Forsskål, was used as a target. The insects were exposed in two different vegetation cover types classified as low (about 10%) and high (about 90%). Metarhizium acridum was used at a dose of 2.5 £ 10 12 conidia/ha in two different application volumes: 1 and 2 l/ha. Untreated insects kept in contact with treated vegetation were monitored to evaluate the persistence of conidia. The results showed that vegetation cover did not significantly (F ¼ 1.320; P ¼ 0.334) affect the efficacy of M. acridum. Under the high vegetation cover, the increase in the applied volume rate to 2 l/ha significantly improved the speed of mortality. Conidia persisted 6 days after treatment with a remarkable effect on untreated larvae exposed to the treated vegetation. In addition, the results of this study showed the efficacy of M. acridum in the low vegetation cover. With an important mass of vegetation, M. acridum conidia could persist even under high temperature conditions.

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Some observations on the dose transfer of mycoinsecticide sprays to desert locusts

Cited by 26 publications

References 14 publications

Thermal Behavior of Two Acridid Species: Effects of Habitat and Season on Body Temperature and the Potential Impact on Biocontrol with Pathogens

Thermal Behavior of Two Acridid Species: Effects of Habitat and Season on Body Temperature and the Potential Impact on Biocontrol with Pathogens

Development of a model for evaluating the effects of environmental temperature and thermal behaviour on biological control of locusts and grasshoppers using pathogens

Efficacy and persistence of Metarhizium acridum (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) used against desert locust larvae, Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae), under different vegetation cover types

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