Some observations on the aerobic bacterial flora of the genital tract of the dog and bitch

Allen, W. Edward; Dagnall, G.J.R.

doi:10.1111/j.1748-5827.1982.tb01674.x

Cited by 35 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In the present study, beta‐haemolytic Streptococcus was the bacteria more frequently isolated. Our finding agrees with data reported by Allen and Dagnall, who found beta‐haemolytic Streptococcus as one of the more frequently isolated bacteria from healthy pregnant or nonpregnant bitches, and infertile bitches with vaginal discharge (Allen & Dagnall, ). In our study, beta‐haemolytic Streptococcus was the bacteria most frequently isolated in G2 in proestrus and at the end of gestation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Streptococcus as one of the more frequently isolated bacteria from healthy pregnant or nonpregnant bitches, and infertile bitches with vaginal discharge (Allen & Dagnall, 1982). In our study, betahaemolytic Streptococcus was the bacteria most frequently isolated in G2 in proestrus and at the end of gestation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

“…Streptococcus canis was the most frequently beta‐haemolytic Streptococcus isolated in our study. These bacteria were previously isolated by other researches from the vagina of bitches in heat (Allen & Dagnall, ; Watts et al., ); and Streptococcus dysgalactiae was previously isolated from the canine pharynx (Acke et al., ; Schrieber, Towers, Muscatello, & Speare, ). However, according to our knowledge, it has not been isolated from the canine reproductive tract.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Vaginal isolation of beta‐haemolytic Streptococcus from bitches with and without neonatal deaths in the litters

Guerrero¹,

Stornelli²,

Jurado³

et al. 2018

Reprod Domestic Animals

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The aim of the study was to identify beta-haemolytic streptococci in the vagina of bitches who had delivered healthy litters and bitches who had delivered litters in which neonatal deaths occurred. Fifty-one bitches divided into two groups were used. Group 1 (G1) included 28 bitches that had delivered healthy litters and group 2 (G2) included 23 bitches that had delivered puppies who died in the neonatal period. Two vaginal samples were taken, one in proestrus and the other at the end of gestation (EG). Beta-haemolytic Streptococcus (BS) was isolated from 16 bitches (57%) in G1 and from 21 bitches (91%) in G2. The bacteriological cultures, serological tests (Streptex ) and PCR assay allowed identification of Streptococcus canis and Streptococcus dysgalactiae in G1 and G2. Ultramicroscopic studies allowed the observation of M Protein and capsules in strains of S. dysgalactiae and S. canis in G1 and G2. The S. canis strains isolated from G2 showed thicker capsules than S. canis strains isolated from G1 (234 ± 24.2 vs 151.23 ± 28.93 nm; p < .001.). No differences were observed in capsule thickness between strains of S. dysgalactiae isolated from G1 and G2 (210 ± 13.54 vs 211.66 ± 19.67 nm; p > .70). All strains of beta-haemolytic Streptococcus isolated were penicillin sensitive. Penicillin was administered from EG to 5 days post-partum in 10 G2 females with isolation of BS (G2A). Saline solution was administered in eleven G2 females with isolation of BS (G2B). Ninety per cent of the puppies survived in G2A and 25% survived in G2B. Our results suggest BS is involved in canine neonatal deaths.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Vaginal isolation of beta‐haemolytic Streptococcus from bitches with and without neonatal deaths in the litters

Guerrero¹,

Stornelli²,

Jurado³

et al. 2018

Reprod Domestic Animals

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“…According to many reports, the type of microflora present at this time in all bitches is very similar (Allen et al 1982, Janowski et al 2006. A substantial reduction of the amount of bacteria in the vagina is observed at the time of transition from estrus to dioestrus (increased number of neutrophils), and this is correlated with the abrupt reduction of the attractiveness of the bitches to the dogs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…A substantial reduction of the amount of bacteria in the vagina is observed at the time of transition from estrus to dioestrus (increased number of neutrophils), and this is correlated with the abrupt reduction of the attractiveness of the bitches to the dogs. (Allen et al 1982, Baba et al 1983, Watts et al 1996, Grundy et al 2002, Janowski et al 2006, Ulgen et al 2010.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of antibiotic treatment of bitches in oestrus on their attractiveness to males during mating

Dzięcioł¹,

Niżański²,

Stańczyk³

et al. 2013

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the antibiotic treatment, including the mode of drugs administration, on bitches' attractiveness to the stud dogs during mating. Moreover, we tried to estimate the possibility of aversive effect of the drug vehicle on the male behavior. In experiment I, four bitches in oestrus without antibiotic treatment (group A), four bitches treated with intravaginal antibiotic (group B) and four bitches treated with intramuscular antibiotic (group C) were presented to four stud dogs. In experiment II, bitches in oestrus (n=5) were presented to the males (n=2) before and after the application to the females' vulva the antibiotic carrier -Miglyol 840 (Sasol, Germany). In both experiments the presence of the typical sexual behavior of the males (sniffing, licking the vulva and anal region, mating attempts) was evaluated. In experiment III the reaction of the males to the samples containing oestrual discharge from the bitches untreated and treated with antibiotics was evaluated. In the last part of study the aversion reaction to the samples containing antibiotic and the antibiotic carrier was evaluated. The results of experiments showed that females treated with the antibiotics were less attractive to males than untreated females, regardless of the method of administration. We did not observe adverse effect of the antibiotic carrier but samples from the bitches treated with antibiotics were significantly less attractive to the males. We concluded that the reason for reduced attractiveness of the bitches in oestrus after antibiotic treatment was the changes in semiochemical signal emitted by treated females as a consequence of elimination of the vaginal bacterial flora, which seems to be involved in creation of the typical, recognizable by the stud dogs, oestrual signal but also by the possible covering effect of used drugs.

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Comparative evaluation of seminal, vaginal, and rectal bacterial flora in the cheetah and domestic cat

et al. 1993

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To determine the status and potential impact of microorganisms on reproductive health, bacterial cultures were evaluated from cheetah seminal, vaginal, and rectal swabs and the results compared to those from clinically healthy, domestic cats. Aerobic bacteria were isolated in the semen from 26 of the 40 (65.0%) cheetahs and 25 of the 27 (92.6%) domestic cats. Gram-negative organisms predominated in the electroejaculates of both species, accounting for >70% of the total bacterial isolates. The most common seminal organism in both species was hemolytic Escherichia coli. Bacteria were isolated from vaginal samples obtained from 49 of the 67 (73.1%) cheetahs and 46 of the 49 (93.9%) domestic cats. Gram-negative organisms dominated, representing >63% of the vaginal bacteria, and again hemolytic E. coli was the most prevalent isolate in both species. None of the cheetah or domestic cat vaginal cultures contained Mycoplasma spp. or Ureaplasma spp. Numerous gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria were identified in rectal cultures of 73 cheetahs and 60 domestic cats, but hemolytic E . coli clearly was the most common isolate. Within each species, a comparison between electroejaculates that were positive vs. negative for hemolytic E. coli growth revealed no differences in sperm concentration, sperm motility ratings, or the proportion of structurally abnormal spermatozoa. Neutrophils were not detected in any of the 67 felid ejaculates, and the presence of seminal hemolytic E . coli was unrelated to fertility, on the basis of past ability to sire young or fertilize oocytes in vitro. Vaginal cytologic evaluations in both the cheetah and domestic cat indicated that hemolytic E. coli was not associated with a pathologic inflammatory response. Overall fecundity and proven ability to produce young were similar between females producing positive or negative vaginal cultures for E. coli. These findings indicate that commensal bacteria exist in the reproductive tract of the

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Some observations on the aerobic bacterial flora of the genital tract of the dog and bitch

Cited by 35 publications

References 6 publications

Vaginal isolation of beta‐haemolytic Streptococcus from bitches with and without neonatal deaths in the litters

Vaginal isolation of beta‐haemolytic Streptococcus from bitches with and without neonatal deaths in the litters

The influence of antibiotic treatment of bitches in oestrus on their attractiveness to males during mating

Comparative evaluation of seminal, vaginal, and rectal bacterial flora in the cheetah and domestic cat

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