acetate (medium A) or acetate together with ethanol (medium AE) digested in high-rate anaerobic reactors. The purpose of this paper is to examine in more detail why the SRB were apparently not able to scavenge the major part of the electron flow under those conditions. Several factors which could affect the activities of the SRB were investigated. These include the possible feedback inhibition of H2S on SRB, iron availability for the SRB, the effect of the SRB inocula, substrate concentration, and the capacity of the SRB to colonize and adhere in the carrier matrix of the reactor. The effect of iron availability was investigated because it has been reported that the SRB have an absolute requirement for iron (2, 13, 17). A deficiency of this element could severely affect the growth of the SRB.