Some observations on dimethylformamide hepatotoxicity

Absence of &beta;<i>-catenin</i> Mutations in Mouse Hepatoblastomas Induced by <i>N</i>, <i>N</i>-dimethylformamide

“…This had an estimated worldwide production capacity of around 270,000 tons per year in 1994 19 . DMF is well absorbed upon inhalation and dermal contact in humans and animal species 20,21 , and has been reported to cause hepatotoxicity in both man and rodents [22][23][24][25] . A number of reports have suggested there are links between DMF and different human tumors 26,27 , although there is only inadequate evidence for carcinogenicity in experimental animals and DMF is unclassifiable as to carcinogenicity in humans according to the International Agency for Research for Cancer (IARC) of the World Health Organization 28 .…”

Occupational Liver Injury Due to N,N-Dimethylformamide in the Synthetics Industry

“…The hepatotoxicity of DMF has been demonstrated in various animal and epidemiological studies (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). The severity of the liver injury is directly related to dose; however, exposure to DMF can cause symptoms even at low concentrations (12 T a b l e 1 .…”

Enhanced proliferative response of hepatocytes to combined inhalation and oral exposures to N,N-dimethylformamide in male rats

“…33 No. 3 ously reported experimental studies that repeated inhalation exposure to and oral administration of DMF for up to 13 weeks induce centrilobular hypertrophy and necrosis of hepatocytes and increased cytolytic release of ALT and aspartate transaminase (AST) into plasma (Lundberg et al, 1981;Craig et al, 1984;Kennedy Jr. et al, 1986;Wang et al, 1999;Chieli et al, 1995;Lynch et al, 2003, Senoh et al, 2003. In addition, some of these studies demonstrated that a proliferative lesion including to DMF (Lynch et al, 2003;Senoh et al, 2003).…”

“…Medical case reports, epidemiological studies and experimental toxicology studies on health or toxic effects of DMF revealed that DMF primarily affects the liver in humans Wang et al, 1991;Redlich et al, 1990;Fiorito et al, 1997;Nomiyama et al, 2001) and in experimental animals (Lundberg et al, 1981;Craig et al, 1984;Kennedy Jr. et al, 1986;Wang et al, 1999;Chieli et al, 1995;Lynch et al, 2003;Senoh et al, 2003;Malley et al, 1994;Senoh et al, 2004). The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC, 1999) made an carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3).…”

“…Indeed, it has been recognized that 13-week inhalation exposure of rats and mice to DMF vapor induces such related lesions as necrosis, fragmented or enlarged nuclei and increased mitotic et al, 2003;Senoh et al, 2003). It is important to understand whether exposure of a general population to low levels of ubiquitously present DMF through both inhalation and ingestion may cause any subtle but untoward outcome on the liver, since the toxic effects have been evidenced in the experimental animals exposed to far high levels of DMF through single-route exposure of either inhalation or ingestion (Lundberg et al, 1981;Craig et al, 1984;Kennedy Jr. et al, 1986;Wang et al, 1999;Chieli et al, 1995;Lynch et al, 2003;Senoh et al, 2003;Malley et al, 1994;Senoh et al, 2004). Thus the present study was designed to examine hepatotoxicity induced by combined inhalation and oral exposures of male rats to DMF in comparison with those by single-route exposure through either inhalation or ingestion.…”