Some Notes on Extracting Linguistic Summaries Built with Epistemic Modalities and Natural Language Connectives of Equivalence

Abstract

In this paper we deal with an original technically oriented model for cognitive semantics. As the expected area of application we focus on the process of extraction of modal linguistic summaries from data managed by autonomous components of ambient systems and intelligent environments. As such, the cognitive semantics is defined for a particular case of modal natural language statements with epistemic modalities. The statements of interest are built with natural language operators, representing epistemic modalities (related to the main cognitive states of knowledge certainty: full certainty, strong belief and epistemic possibility), and natural language connectives of equivalence. Furthermore, an approach to their effective processing by autonomous computational systems is designed. An internal architecture of the autonomous computational component is designed with respect to modular model for natural language processing with separate modules for epistemic and semantic memory storage and processing. An original theoretical concept underlying the model of semantic memory is a holon defined as a collection of complementary linguistic protoforms. Finally, we provide several illustrative computational examples of linguistic summaries' extraction, based on artificial and real data.

A Note on Nonemptiness of Cognitive Semantics for Linguistic Representations of Modal Equivalence

“…, Ω(¬p(o) ⇔ ¬q(o))) (see [10,34]). In general, a linguistic protoform is usually understood as a formal structure which, at its specific level of abstraction, represents the concrete order (specific state of transformation) of the subject's private knowledge, specific to the group of linguistic representations embraced by this protoform, understood as alternative representations of the same logical sense.…”

“…In paper [10] an original model of cognitive semantics of modal equivalences used as surface linguistic summaries was presented. The considered summaries were assumed to be built by an autonomous system of knowledge using language-specific surface representations of the logical sense of an equivalence functor, names of two different features for which their logical coexistence in an actual object was considered as the main issue communicated by the summaries, and three autoepistemic modal operators, each corresponding to one of three distinguishable levels of confidence of the autonomous system as to the consistency of the sense of the generated summary with the real state of the world.…”

“…It was assumed that distinguishing between three levels of knowledge confidence was a purely subjective cognitive ability of the autonomous system using modal linguistic summaries as surface representations of its knowledge. All the modal equivalences studied in paper [10] and [34] are further listed and commented on in more detail in the next section hereof (see Tables 1 and 2).…”

“…In the cited work [10] a preliminary version of cognitive semantics of modal equivalences was presented and its verification was carried out by simulation research, to illustrate convergence of artificial linguistic behaviors based on the proposed cognitive semantics with linguistic behaviors of the subject of knowledge using a natural language. The conducted simulations showed that in the scope of cognitive behavior covered by the proposed definition, the model of cognitive semantics met the common sense assessment of its pragmatic commonsense coherence and correctly summarized the content of the used test collections, taking into account the level of data processing available to the autonomous system producing the summaries.…”

“…In this article, we present the next stage of research work related to the construction of technically oriented cognitive semantics of the considered class of modal sentences. The new theoretical elements, in relation to the results presented in [10], are as follows:…”