Some new minerals from the zinc mines at Franklin, New Jersey, and note concerning the chemical composition of ganomalite

Penfield, S. L.; Warren, Charles H.

doi:10.2475/ajs.s4-8.47.339

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Nasonite-type polysomes are currently poorly represented, and the compositional ranges and nature of structural variants less well understood. The mineral was first described by Penfield and Warren (1899) and later by Palache (1935) as a rare species found in the Franklin Mine. Subsequently, Aminoff (1916) identified its occurrence at Lå ngban.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 97%

Polysomatic apatites

Baikie

Pramana

Ferraris

et al. 2010

Acta Crystallogr Sect B

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Certain complex structures are logically regarded as intergrowths of chemically or topologically discrete modules. When the proportions of these components vary systematically a polysomatic series is created, whose construction provides a basis for understanding defects, symmetry alternation and trends in physical properties. Here, we describe the polysomatic family A(5N)B(3N)O(9N + 6)X(Ndelta) (2 < or = N < or = infinity) that is built by condensing N apatite modules (A(5)B(3)O(18)X(delta)) in configurations to create B(n)O(3n + 1) (1 < or = n < or = infinity) tetrahedral chains. Hydroxyapatite [Ca(10)(PO(4))(6)(OH)(2)] typifies a widely studied polysome where N = 2 and the tetrahedra are isolated in A(10)(BO(4))(6)X(2) compounds, but N = 3 A(15)(B(2)O(7))(3)(BO(4))(3)X(3) (ganomalite) and N = 4 A(20)(B(2)O(7))(6)X(4) (nasonite) are also known, with the X site untenanted or partially occupied as required for charge balance. The apatite modules, while topologically identical, are often compositionally or symmetrically distinct, and an infinite number of polysomes is feasible, generally with the restriction being that an A:B = 5:3 cation ratio be maintained. The end-members are the N = 2 polysome with all tetrahedra separated, and N = infinity, in which the hypothetical compound A(5)B(3)O(9)X contains infinite, corner-connected tetrahedral strings. The principal characteristics of a polysome are summarized using the nomenclature apatite-(A B X)-NS, where A/B/X are the most abundant species in these sites, N is the number of modules in the crystallographic repeat, and S is the symmetry symbol (usually H, T, M or A). This article examines the state-of-the-art in polysomatic apatite synthesis and crystallochemical design. It also presents X-ray and neutron powder diffraction investigations for several polysome chemical series and examines the prevalence of stacking disorder by electron microscopy. These insights into the structure-building principles of apatite polysomes will guide their development as functional materials.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 97%

Polysomatic apatites

Baikie

Pramana

Ferraris

et al. 2010

Acta Crystallogr Sect B

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“…Penfield & Warren (1899) named a Pb-rich monoclinic epidote-group mineral discovered at Franklin, N.J., USA after Elwood P. Hancock (1836Hancock ( -1916 of Burlington, N.J., a collector of Franklin minerals. At the type locality the mineral contains appreciable amounts of Sr, and of Mn 3+ , the latter being responsible for the strong red color (Dunn, 1985).…”

Section: Hancockite and Niigataitementioning

confidence: 99%

Recommended nomenclature of epidote-group minerals

Armbruster

Bonazzi

Akasaka

et al. 2006

ejm

254

170

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The key cation-sites M3 and A1 (and, in principle, M2) determine the root name. In both clinozoisite and allanite subgroups no prefix is added to the root name if M1 = Al. The prefixes ferri, mangani, chromo, and vanado indicate dominant Fe 3+ , Mn 3+ , Cr 3+ , and V 3+ on M1, respectively. In the dollaseite subgroup no prefix is added to the root name if M1 = Mg. Otherwise a proper prefix must be attached; the prefixes ferro and mangano indicate dominant Fe 2+ and Mn 2+ at M1, respectively. The dominant cation on A2 (other than Ca) is treated according to the Extended Levinson suffix designation. This simple nomenclature requires renaming of the following approved species: Niigataite (old) = clinozoisite-(Sr) (new), hancockite (old) = epidote-(Pb) (new), tweddillite (old) = manganipiemontite-(Sr) (new). Minor modifications are necessary for the following species: Strontiopiemontite (old) = piemontite-(Sr) (new), androsite-(La) (old) = manganiandrosite-(La) (new). Before a mineral name can be assigned, the proper subgroup has to be determined. The determination of a proper subgroup is made by the dominating valence at M3, M1, and A2 expressed as M 2+ and or M 3+ , not by a single, dominant ion (i.e., Fe 2+ , or Mg, or Al). In addition, the dominant valence on O4: X -or X 2-must be ascertained. The dominant trivalent cation on M3 determines the name, whereas the A2 cation appearing in the suffix has to be selected from among the divalent cations. (2) Allanite and dollaseite subgroups: For the sites involved in the charge compensation of a heterovalent substitution in A2 and O4 (i.e. M3 in the allanite subgroup; M3 and M1 in the dollaseite subgroup), identification of the relevant end-member formula must take into account the dominant divalent charge-compensating octahedral cation (M 2+ ) and not the dominant cation in these sites.Formal guidelines and examples are provided in order to determine a mineral "working name" from electron-microprobe analytical data.

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“…Hancockite from Jakobsberg, Filipstad, Sweden: the second world occurrence HANCOCKITE, CaPbA12Fe(SiO4)3(OH), the plumboan member of the epidote group is to date only reported from its type locality at Franklin, New Jersey (Penfield and Warren, 1899), where it appears in a rather restricted part of the mine, but locally in abundance, associated with andradite, franklinite, manganaxinite, willemite, barite and other minerals (Palache, 1935;Dunn, 1985). [The 'hancockite' reported by Neumann (1985) from Vestpolltind, Lofoten, Norway, does not qualify for the name as it is too low in Pb (~10% PbO).]…”

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confidence: 99%