Some new media for the isolation and identification of clostridia

Willis, A. T.; Hobbs, Glyn

doi:10.1002/path.1700770223

Cited by 89 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…All media intended for the isolation of obligate anaerobes were supplemented with haemin (5 mg/L), menadione or vitamin K1 (1 mg/L) and reducing agents. Clostridial spores were sought by treatment of selected dilutions with sterile ethanol (at a final concentration of 50% v/v) for 1 h at room temperature (Koransky, Allen and Dowell, 1978) before triplicate 50-pl portions were dispensed on to lactose egg-yolk agar medium (Willis and Hobbs, 1959).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Microbial Flora of the Rectal Mucosa and Faeces of Patients with Crohn's Disease Before and During Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Hudson

Hill

Elliott

et al. 1984

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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SUMMARY. The faecal flora and mucosa-associated flora (MAF) of rectal biopsy material from 12 patients with active Crohn's disease were studied before and during treatment with a combination of metronidazole and cotrimoxazole given orally for at least 2 weeks. The total faecal flora was greater than the MAF although the proportions of bacterial groups were similar. The changes observed during treatment were: obligate anaerobes such as Bacteroides spp. decreased in faeces (p < 0.05) and in MAF (p < 0.02); the total count of facultative bacteria increased in the faeces (p<0-002) but not in the MAF. Steptococci, predominantly enterococci, increased significantly in faeces (p < 0.00 1) and in MAF (p < 0-02) such that they became predominant components of these florae. Facultative gram-negative bacilli were unaltered in faeces but significantly reduced in the MAF (p<0-05). Sporing clostridia were infrequently isolated from the MAF but were significantly reduced in the faeces (p < 0.01).During the treatment period, eight of the 12 patients showed clinical improvement, but this could not be related to the site or extent of disease or to specific changes in faecal flora or MAF. This combination of antibacterial agents causes profound alterations to the bacterial flora of mucosa and faeces and these changes may help to define the role of bacteria in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Microbial Flora of the Rectal Mucosa and Faeces of Patients with Crohn's Disease Before and During Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Hudson

Hill

Elliott

et al. 1984

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…Willis and Hobbs (1959) agar was inoculated with dilutions which had been heat shocked at 75°C for 12 min.…”

Section: Selection Of Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Microbial Ecology of the Large Bowel of Breastfed and Formula-fed Infants During the First Year of Life

Stark

Lee

1982

Journal of Medical Microbiology

566

337

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SUMMARY.The succession of bacterial populations in the large bowel of seven breast-fed and seven formula-fed infants was examined during the first year of life. The composition of the intestinal microflora varied according to the infant's diet. During the first week of life breast-fed and formula-fed infants were colonised by enterobacteria and enterococci followed by bifidobacteria, Bacteroides spp., clostridia and anaerobic streptococci. From week 4 until solid foods were given, breast-fed babies had a simple flora consisting of bifidobacteria and relatively few enterobacteria and enterococci. Formula-fed babies during the corresponding period were more often colonised by other anaerobes in addition to bifidobacteria and had higher counts of facultatively anaerobic bacteria. The introduction of solid food to the breast-fed infants caused a major disturbance in the microbial ecology of the large bowel as counts of enterobacteria and enterococci rose sharply and colonisation by Bacteroides spp., clostridia and anaerobic streptococci occurred. This was not observed when formula-fed infants began to take solids; instead, counts of facultative anaerobes remained high while colonisation by anaerobes other than bifidobacteria continued. At 12 months, the anaerobic bacterial populations of the large bowel of breast-fed and formula-fed infants were beginning to resemble those of adults in number and composition and there was a corresponding decrease in the number of facultative anaerobes. These changes are discussed in relation to changes in susceptibility to gastro-intestinal infection.

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“…Representative isolates from group A and B patients were subcultured from neomycin blood agar on to plates of neutral-red/lactose/egg-yolk medium (Willis & Hobbs, 1959) of which half the plate had been spread with C. perfringens type A antitoxin (Wellcome Laboratories, Beckenham, Kent). After anaerobic incubation for 18-24 h at 37 'C strains which showed specific inhibition by the antitoxin and fermented lactose were considered to be C. perfringens type A. Isolations from group C and D patients were confirmed as C. perfringens using the Nagler reaction on nutrient egg-yolk medium according to McClung & Toabe (1947).…”

Section: Confirmatory Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faecal carriage ofClostridium perfringens

Stringer

Watson

Gilbert

et al. 1985

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYThe numbers and serotypes of Clostridium perfringens present in the faeces of three groups of hospital patients and young healthy laboratory workers were examined in studies lasting between 10 and 13 weeks.In one hospital some long-stay geriatric patients carried relatively high numbers of C. perfringens (> 107/g) most of the time and it was not unusual in any one week for the majority of these patients to carry the same serotype(s). However, the numbers of C. perfringens in the faeces of young long-stay patients in the same hospital were in the range of 103-104/g and carriage of common serotypes was not observed. These results were similar to the findings with the young laboratory workers. This investigation indicates that two of the laboratory criteria often used in the investigation of C. perfringens food poisoning, i.e. faecal counts of > 105 C. perfringens/g and patients carrying the same serological type need to be interpreted with caution with suspected outbreaks involving some groups of geriatric long-stay hospital patients.

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Some new media for the isolation and identification of clostridia

Cited by 89 publications

References 2 publications

The Microbial Flora of the Rectal Mucosa and Faeces of Patients with Crohn's Disease Before and During Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

The Microbial Flora of the Rectal Mucosa and Faeces of Patients with Crohn's Disease Before and During Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

The Microbial Ecology of the Large Bowel of Breastfed and Formula-fed Infants During the First Year of Life

Faecal carriage ofClostridium perfringens

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