Some new aspects of the endocrinological response to pregnancy

Aspillaga, M; Whittaker, P. G.; Taylor, Amy; Lind, T.

doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1983.tb09274.x

Cited by 31 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Changes in the pattern of salivary proges terone values throughout early pregnancy were similar to those recently reported in plasma [6], Representative data illustrated in figure 9 indicate that, following the initial rise occurring during the luteal phase of the conception cycle, values plateau before rising steadily at approximately 10-week gesta tion.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

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Longitudinal Studies of Luteal Function by Salivary Progesterone Determinations

Walker¹,

Walker²,

Riad-Fahmy³

1984

Horm Res

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A ‘normal range’ for salivary progesterone concentrations has been established using data derived from women who were menstruating regularly and in whom dating of the cycle by accepted criteria was possible. Since these values are in agreement with those in the first 9 days of conception cycles and with those in cycles in which ovulation was confirmed by ultrasonography, they provide a reliable index of progesterone output compatible with fertility. Measurement of daily salivary progesterone values in subfertile women for time spans exceeding 3 months allowed accurate assessment of base-line ovarian activity and of the response to ovulation-induction therapy. Salivary sampling, by allowing collection of frequent samples with a minimum of time, stress and inconvenience, is ideally suited to longitudinal studies of ovarian activity. This sampling regimen is also applicable to the monitoring of progesterone output throughout pregnancy.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…[7], are limited to relatively few pregnancies. They do, however, serve to indicate that the changing pattern in salivary progesterone in pregnancy is consistent with that occurring in plasma [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Longitudinal Studies of Luteal Function by Salivary Progesterone Determinations

Walker¹,

Walker²,

Riad-Fahmy³

1984

Horm Res

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“…In pregnancy, there is a rapid increase in estrogen and progesterone production [43], and thus a rising excretory load on the liver imposed by the metabolism of these steroid hormones. Under normal circumstances the metabolic stress is masked by a hepatic func tional reserve.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Bile Acids, Gamma-Glutamyltransferase and Routine Liver Function Tests in Emetic and Nonemetic Pregnancies

Järnfelt-Samsioe¹,

Eriksson²,

Waldenström³

et al. 1986

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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The etiology of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy is still unknown. One possibility is that ovarian and placental hormones may play some part. The liver is the major site of metabolic inactivation of steroid hormones. In this study, 102 healthy pregnant women, of whom 62 complained of nausea, were followed throughout pregnancy. Liver function tests were performed to ascertain whether emesis gravidarum is related to impaired hepatic function. In this series, all values were within the normal ranges. Serum levels of total bilirubin and gamma-glutamyl-transferase were significantly decreased and those of total serum bile acids significantly increased in emetic women compared to nonemetic subjects. Furthermore, the metabolic load on the liver seems to follow a biphasic course as there is an apparent minimum in liver function variables in the second trimester. It is concluded that a slow adaptation to the increased hormonal load on the liver might be responsible for the condition of emesis gravidarum.

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“…For example, the ratio of a to CGj mRNA changes from approximately 2 during the first trimester to at least 12 at the termination of pregnancy (4). This change in the relative amounts of the mRNAs is associated with the onset of placental steroidogenesis and a decline in CG biosynthesis after the first trimester (1). The cellular mechanisms involved in unbalanced expression of the a and CG,3 genes are not known but may involve differential production of distinct trans-acting factors.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and characterization of the human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit (CG beta) gene cluster: regulation of transcriptionally active CG beta gene by cyclic AMP.

Jameson¹,

Lindell²

1988

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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The a and I subunit genes encoding chorionic gonadotropin (CG) are regulated transcriptionally in placental cells by cyclic AMP (cAMP). The regulatory response sequences of the a gene have been studied extensively. Similar studies of the CG j8 subunit (CGI) gene have not been possible because transcriptionally active sequences have not been identified in the clones isolated to date. The CGi subunit genes form a complex cluster of seven structurally similar genes that include six CG,(-like genes and a single luteinizing hormone J subunit (LHj8) gene. We isolated overlapping clones containing the entire CGO/LHP gene cluster (68 kilobases) from a human genomic cosmid library. The organization of the gene cluster was similar to that found in previous analyses, as determined by Southern blots of genomic DNA, but differed from some of the gene assignments, as determined by fragments cloned in A phage. The 5'-flanking sequence of the most active CGP gene (CGI5) was linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) coding sequence for analyses of transient expression in different cell types. CG(3CAT was expressed preferentially in JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cells, and expression was markedly stimulated by treatment with 8-bromo-cAMP. Deletion mutagenesis of the CGj8 5'-flanking sequence revealed that multiple regions were required for maximal expression. The kinetics for cAMP stimulation of aCAT and CGISCAT expression were different, suggesting that different pathways may be involved in cAMP-stimulated expression of the a and CGOi genes.

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Some new aspects of the endocrinological response to pregnancy

Cited by 31 publications

References 24 publications

Longitudinal Studies of Luteal Function by Salivary Progesterone Determinations

Longitudinal Studies of Luteal Function by Salivary Progesterone Determinations

Serum Bile Acids, Gamma-Glutamyltransferase and Routine Liver Function Tests in Emetic and Nonemetic Pregnancies

Isolation and characterization of the human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit (CG beta) gene cluster: regulation of transcriptionally active CG beta gene by cyclic AMP.

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