Some Nearctic Species of the Chalcid Genus <i>Enaysma</i> Delucchi (Eulophidae: Entedontinae)

Miller, C. D. F.

doi:10.4039/ent941039-10

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…8), or distance between the toruli is similar to that between each torulus and eye margin. Some Pteromalidae (Chalcidoidea) have widely spaced toruli similar to most mymarids (Schauff 1984), as do some Eulophidae (Chalcidoidea) (see for example Miller 1962) and some Ichneumonoidea. Restricted distribution indicates that this is the result of secondary modification in each taxon.…”

Section: March 1986mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for Monophyly and Relationships of Chalcidoidea, Mymaridae, and Mymarommatidae (Hymenoptera: Terebrantes)

Gibson¹

1986

Can Entomol

150

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Twenty-three characters or character systems of adults and larvae of Terebrantes are analyzed for evidence of monophyly and phyletic relationships of Chalcidoidea, Mymaridae, and Mymarommatidae. The taxa are considered to be a monophyletic group based on 3 hypothesized synapomorphies: mesotrochanteral depressor without fu2-tr2 or mesoscutal portion of t2-tr2; axillar phragma as site of origin for all or part of t,-tr2 muscle; and independent basal ring absent from male genitalia. The family Mymaridae is considered to be monophyletic based on at least 3 apomorphies: fore wing with hypochaeta; head with frontal, median, and supraorbital sulci; and toruli distinctly closer to inner margin of eye than to each other. Chalcidoidea, including Mymaridae, is considered to be a monophyletic taxon based on 3 apomorphies: prepectus externally visible, at least dorsally adjacent to lateral edge of mesoscutum; mesothoracic spiracle positioned at exposed lateral edge of mesoscutum; and multiporous plate sensilla of antenna with unique structure, as described in text. Mymarommatidae is considered to be the monophyletic sister group of Chalcidoidea based on several apomorphies, including 4 autapomorphies: head composed of frontal and occipital sclerites, which are connected by pleated membrane along hyperoccipital region; hind wing stalk-like, without membrane and terminated in bifurcation that clasps fore wing; fore wing with reticulate pattern formed by raised lineations of membrane; and axillar portion of t2-tr2 muscle absent. Phyletic relationship of Serphitidae with Mymarommatidae is deemed inconclusive because relevant internal character states of amber fossil serphitids cannot be determined. It is suggested that mymarommatids be accorded family status, but not be assigned to superfamily until phyletic relationships are more accurately determined in Terebrantes. A matrix summarizes character-state distribution of most characters analyzed for Terebrantes, and a cladogram illustrates hypotheses of character-state evolution and proposed relationships.

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Section: March 1986mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for Monophyly and Relationships of Chalcidoidea, Mymaridae, and Mymarommatidae (Hymenoptera: Terebrantes)

Gibson¹

1986

Can Entomol

150

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“…The two new species of Achrysocharoides described here are from North America and the genus was initially recorded from this region by Miller (1962) , as the genus Enaysma Delucchi, including six new species from Canada which were placed in the same subgenus ( Pentenaysma Graham). Yoshimoto (1977) synonymized Enaysma with Achrysocharoides , and added nine species (six newly described) to the six described by Miller.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Species recognition through wing interference patterns (WIPs) in Achrysocharoides Girault (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) including two new species

Shevtsova¹,

Hansson²

2011

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Wing interference patterns (WIPs) are shown to be an important tool for species recognition in the genus Achrysocharoides Girault (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). This is demonstrated by combining information from two previously published papers, comprising two cases of cryptic species, and by new material including the description of two new species, Achrysocharoides maieri and Achrysocharoides serotinae from North America. The cryptic species were initially separated through their distinct male WIPs. Subsequent analyses of the external morphology uncovered additional morphological differences supporting the original findings through WIPs, and biological data further strengthened the identity of these species. The new species described here also differ in their WIPs but the WIPs are similar in both sexes. Thus they provide a strong link between male and female and demonstrate that WIPs can also be useful for species recognition when the sexes are otherwise difficult to associate. Both new species are from Connecticut, USA, and were reared from Phyllonorycter propinquinella (Braun) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) on black cherry (Prunus serotina); Achrysocharoides maieri has also been reared from Ph. nr crataegella on pin cherry (Prunus pensylvanica). To facilitate the identification of the new species they are included in a previously published key to North American species of Achrysocharoides. As a supplement to colourful WIPs we also demonstrate that grey scale images of uncoated wings from scanning electron microscopy can be used for visualization of the thickness distribution pattern in wing membranes.

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“…The type material of A. gahani was reared from Phyllonorycter spp. on Fagus grandifolia, Tilia americana and Quercus alba(Miller 1962) Kamijo (1991). transferred the material from Quercus alba to A. reticulatus Yoshimoto.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Three new species of Achrysocharoides Girault (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) parasitoids of Phyllonorycter spp. (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) on Acer platanoides and Robinia pseudoacacia

Hansson

Shevtsova

2010

Zootaxa

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Three new species of Achrysocharoides are described, one from northern Europe, A. platanoidae sp. nov., one from central Europe and the U.S.A., A. robiniae sp. nov., and one from the U.S.A., A. robinicolus sp. nov. The descriptions are based on material reared from microlepidopterans of the genus Phyllonorycter Hübner (Gracillariidae): A. platanoidae from P. platanoidella (Joannis) on Acer platanoides, and A. robiniae and A. robinicolus from P. robiniella (Clemens) on Robinia pseudoacacia (black locust). The new species are very similar to previously described species, A. platanoidae to A. acerianus (Askew), and A. robiniae and A. robinicolus to A. gahani (Miller), but they are shown here to differ from their sibling species both in biology and in external morphology. The host of A. robiniae and A. robinicolus, P. robiniella, is a serious pest on the black locust tree in Europe, and the descriptions with diagnoses of these two species, and their scientific names, introduced here will aid the biological control efforts of this pest.

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Some Nearctic Species of the Chalcid Genus Enaysma Delucchi (Eulophidae: Entedontinae)

Cited by 7 publications

References 3 publications

Evidence for Monophyly and Relationships of Chalcidoidea, Mymaridae, and Mymarommatidae (Hymenoptera: Terebrantes)

Evidence for Monophyly and Relationships of Chalcidoidea, Mymaridae, and Mymarommatidae (Hymenoptera: Terebrantes)

Species recognition through wing interference patterns (WIPs) in Achrysocharoides Girault (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) including two new species

Three new species of Achrysocharoides Girault (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) parasitoids of Phyllonorycter spp. (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) on Acer platanoides and Robinia pseudoacacia

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