Some Morphological Types of Bacteriophages in Bovine Rumen Contents1

Paynter, M. J. B.; Ewert, D. L.; Chalupa, W.

doi:10.1128/aem.18.5.942-943.1969

Cited by 33 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Application and benefits Limitations Example publications Microscopy TEM Visualization of viral particle morphology Specialized equipment Hoogenraad et al, 1967;Ritchie et al, 1970; Klieve and Bauchop, 1988 Leahy et al, 2010;Kelly et al, 2014;Gilbert et al, 2017 Viral reference sequences increase the accuracy of sequence analysis rumen fluid (Paynter et al, 1969) to greater than 10 9 particles per mL bovine rumen fluid (Ritchie et al, 1970). It was also noted that the numbers of phages in crude rumen fluid could exceed bacterial numbers ca.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Developments in rumen virus research have been closely aligned with the technologies available for their study ( Table 1). While the existence of viruses infecting bacteria were first noted in the early 1900's (Twort, 1915;d'Herelle, 1918), it was the development of electron microscopy (EM) in the 1930's (Haguenau et al, 2003) that showed that phages were actually virus particles and enabled rumen viral populations to be observed and enumerated (Hoogenraad et al, 1967;Paynter et al, 1969). Advances in methodology for the in vitro culture of rumen microbes (Hungate, 1969) enabled the cultivation of obligately anaerobic bacteria from the rumen and consequently the isolation of virus particles and determination of their biological characteristics.…”

Section: Technologies For Studying Rumen Virus Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies then followed, employing TEM to conduct morphological surveys of rumen fluid collected from various ruminant species, including sheep, cattle and reindeer (Paynter et al, 1969;Ritchie et al, 1970;Tarakanov, 1972;Klieve and Bauchop, 1988). These surveys sought to enumerate the numbers of different viral morphotypes present, with results ranging from 6 (Paynter et al, 1969), 26 (Klieve and Bauchop, 1988), and more than 40 distinct morphotypes (Ritchie et al, 1970). In all the species of ruminants examined, the most abundant viral morphotypes were those with polyhedral heads and tubular tails, which are now classified within the viral order of tailed phages infecting bacteria, the Caudovirales.…”

Section: Transmission Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Rumen Virus Populations: Technological Advances Enhancing Current Understanding

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The rumen contains a multi-kingdom, commensal microbiome, including protozoa, bacteria, archaea, fungi and viruses, which enables ruminant herbivores to ferment and utilize plant feedstuffs that would be otherwise indigestible. Within the rumen, virus populations are diverse and highly abundant, often outnumbering the microbial populations that they both predate on and co-exist with. To date the research effort devoted to understanding rumen-associated viral populations has been considerably less than that given to the other microbial populations, yet their contribution to maintaining microbial population balance, intra-ruminal microbial lysis, fiber breakdown, nutrient cycling and genetic transfer may be highly significant. This review follows the technological advances which have contributed to our current understanding of rumen viruses and drawing on knowledge from other environmental and animal-associated microbiomes, describes the known and potential roles and impacts viruses have on rumen function and speculates on the future directions of rumen viral research.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Technologies For Studying Rumen Virus Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Transmission Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Rumen Virus Populations: Technological Advances Enhancing Current Understanding

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Up to 9 × 10 8 PFU·mL −1 has been found in sea water, and up to 70% of marine bacteria may be infected by phages according to Prescot's (1993) report [6]. For a considerable time, a diverse population of bacteriophages has been known to be present in the rumens of sheep and cattle [7][8][9][10]. These phages probably play a major role in the population dynamics of ruminal bacteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Bacteriophages: Potential Advantages

Vipra¹,

Desai²,

Junjappa³

et al. 2013

AiM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is the concentration at which an antibacterial agent experiences the complete inhibition of organism growth. Bacteriophages represent a rich and unique resource of anti-infectives to counter the growing world-wide problem of antibiotic resistance. In this study, we compared the host range of lytic bacteriophages and temperate phagesbelonging to various genera, namely Staphylococcus, E. coli and Salmonella, with a range of clinical isolates using two methods: the classical agar overlay method and a newly developed MIC method. MIC was only observed with isolates that were susceptible to phage infection, which correlated with the agar overlay assay, whereas no MIC was detected with isolates that were resistant to phage infection. The simple MIC method was useful in determining phage adsorption and host range, and detecting possible prophage contamination in phage preparations. Interestingly, this method was also applicable to strain differentiation through phage susceptibility testing using a 96-well, high throughput format that proved to be easy, cost-effective, fast and reliable.

show abstract

“…The selection of bacteriophage resistant cells with altered phenotypic characteristics in a rumen bacterium may add further complexity to discussion on the classification of rumen bacteria. It is known that the rumen contains large numbers of bacteriophages of diverse morphology [9,13,14], that the incidence of lysogeny is high [6], and that lytic phages are few (refs. 2, 15, and A.V.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phage resistance and altered growth habit in a strain of Streptococcus bovis

Klieve

1991

FEMS Microbiology Letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bacteriophage (phi Sb01) of Streptococcus bovis, isolated from pooled rumen fluid of cattle, was a small siphovirus of morphotype B1. It contained double-stranded DNA of length 30.9 kb, which was digested by the restriction endonucleases, EcoRI, HindIII, and PvuII. Bacteria which survived phi Sb01 infection (strain 2BAr) grew in long chains (100-200 cells), ultimately forming large clumps of cells. This growth habit was in distinct contrast to that of the parent host strain which grew predominantly in the form of single cells or diplococci. Strain 2BAr was genetically stable, resistant to phi Sb01 attack, and the observed differences in the growth characteristics of the parent strain and 2BAr indicated that cells of 2BAr were more adherent. In the rumen ecosystem, the selection of phage-resistant bacteria with altered growth characteristics may be a factor in modifying bacterial phenotypes, and thus increasing variability among bacteria which are closely related genetically.

show abstract

Some Morphological Types of Bacteriophages in Bovine Rumen Contents1

Abstract: Six morphological types of bacteriophage were found in bovine rumen contents. Minimal total phage count was 5 X 107 per ml of rumen fluid.

Cited by 33 publications

References 4 publications

Rumen Virus Populations: Technological Advances Enhancing Current Understanding

Rumen Virus Populations: Technological Advances Enhancing Current Understanding

Determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Bacteriophages: Potential Advantages

Phage resistance and altered growth habit in a strain of Streptococcus bovis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About