Some morphological and chemical changes in hops during maturation

Menary, RC; Doe, P. E.

doi:10.1002/jsfa.2740340905

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Levels of the sesquiterpenes, βcaryophyllene, α-humulene, α-copaene, γmuurolene, β-bisabolene, γ-cadinene, and δ-cadinene were also decreased by 13.7, 13, 14, 18.5, 29, 21.7, and 18.5%, respectively, due to HpLVd infection. These changes in essential oil composition (in- crease in myrcene and general decrease of sesquiterpenes) are similar to those observed during cone maturation (108), but the associated decrease in alpha acids is not characteristic of this physiological change (130). The effects of HpLVd infection are less marked in cvs.…”

Section: Hplvdsupporting

confidence: 55%

Viruses and Viroids Infecting Hop: Significance, Epidemiology, and Management

et al. 2008

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Section: Hplvdsupporting

confidence: 55%

Viruses and Viroids Infecting Hop: Significance, Epidemiology, and Management

et al. 2008

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“…In H. lupulus cv. Pride of Ringwood, Menary & Doe (1983) have reported the presence of a kind of glandular trichomes differing from the lupulin ones in that they have a stipe three cells in length and a multicellular cap containing approximately 22 secretory cells. This kind of trichome could not be found on the abaxial leaf surfaces of H. lupulus var.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Humulus lupulus L. the secretion of hop bitter resins and essential oils has been atributed to the lupulin glands of hop female cones (Palamand & Aldenhoff 1973). The presence of two types of trichomes with large glandular heads has been demonstrated in hop bracteoles, using scanning electron microscopy (Menary & Doe 1983). Dayanandan & Kaufman (1976) observed bulbous trichomes over the flowering bracts and lupulin ones over the abaxial hop leaf surface and compared them with the glandular trichomes of Cannabis sativa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glandular trichomes of Humulus lupulus var. Brewer's Gold: Ontogeny and histochemical characterization of the secretion

Oliveira

Salomk

Pais

1988

Nordic Journal of Botany

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Leaves of Humulus lupulus possess two types of glandular trichomes: -peltate (lupulin) and bulbous. Peltate trichomes are formed from a protodermal cell by two anticlinal divisions in perpendicular planes, followed by two periclinal ones that give rise to the initials of the head cells, the basal and the stalk cells. Head cells divide successively in radial and irregular planes. Fully developed peltate trichomes are built of a glandular head consisting of 30 to 72 cells, four stalk cells and four basal cells. Bulbous trichomes are also formed from a protodermal cell by an anticlinal division followed by two periclinal ones that produce the initials of the glandular head cells, and the basal and stalk cells. Fully developed bulbous trichomes consist of four (occasionally eight) head glandular cells, two stalk cells and two basal cells. The density of peltate trichomes decreases with the expansion of the leaves. Both peltate and bulbous trichomes secrete essential oils. Peltate trichomes are the preferential site for the synthesis of bitter resins. Tannic acids could not be detected histochemically either in peltate or in bulbous trichomes. Both types of trichomes produce secretion that accumulates in the subcuticular space, being released, in the case of bulbous trichomes, by rupture of the cuticle.

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“…Female hop plants develop strobili (commonly called cones), which contain numerous glandular trichomes (lupulin glands) on their bracts [5,7,8]. The lupulin glands contain many secondary metabolites, including resins, essential oils and tannins [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative genetic parameters for yield, plant growth and cone chemical traits in hop (Humulus lupulus L.)

et al. 2014

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BackgroundMost traits targeted in the genetic improvement of hop are quantitative in nature. Improvement based on selection of these traits requires a comprehensive understanding of their inheritance. This study estimated quantitative genetic parameters for 20 traits related to three key objectives for the genetic improvement of hop: cone chemistry, cone yield and agronomic characteristics.ResultsSignificant heritable genetic variation was identified for α-acid and β-acid, as well as their components and relative proportions. Estimates of narrow-sense heritability for these traits (h 2 = 0.15 to 0.29) were lower than those reported in previous hop studies, but were based on a broader suite of families (108 from European, North American and hybrid origins). Narrow-sense heritabilities are reported for hop growth traits for the first time (h 2 = 0.04 to 0.20), relating to important agronomic characteristics such as emergence, height and lateral morphology. Cone chemistry and growth traits were significantly genetically correlated, such that families with more vigorous vegetative growth were associated with lower α-acid and β-acid levels. This trend may reflect the underlying population structure of founder genotypes (European and North American origins) as well as past selection in the Australian environment. Although male and female hop plants are thought to be indistinguishable until flowering, sex was found to influence variation in many growth traits, with male and female plants displaying differences in vegetative morphology from emergence to cone maturity.ConclusionsThis study reveals important insights into the genetic control of quantitative hop traits. The information gained will provide hop breeders with a greater understanding of the additive genetic factors which affect selection of cone chemistry, yield and agronomic characteristics in hop, aiding in the future development of improved cultivars.

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Some morphological and chemical changes in hops during maturation

Cited by 14 publications

References 13 publications

Viruses and Viroids Infecting Hop: Significance, Epidemiology, and Management

Viruses and Viroids Infecting Hop: Significance, Epidemiology, and Management

Glandular trichomes of Humulus lupulus var. Brewer's Gold: Ontogeny and histochemical characterization of the secretion

Quantitative genetic parameters for yield, plant growth and cone chemical traits in hop (Humulus lupulus L.)

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