Some major transport mechanisms of insect absorptive epithelia

Phillips, J. E.; Audsley, Neil; Lechleitner, Richard A.; Thomson, BM; Meredith, J.; Chamberlin, M. E.

doi:10.1016/0300-9629(88)90679-2

Cited by 41 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…ALP is involved in the transphosphorylation reaction. In their study, the decrease in the activity of these enzymes after treatment with neem extract suggests that these materials affect gut physiological events (i.e., ion transport) that might influence these enzymes (Phillips et al, 1988). Decreased level of ACP at higher concentration of neem extract suggests reduced phosphorus liberation for energy metabolism, decreased rate of metabolism, as well as decreased rate of transport of metabolites, and may be due to the direct effect of neem seed extract on C. medinalis (Senthil-Nathan et al, 2004, 2006d,e).…”

Section: Effect Of Meliaceae Secondary Metabolites On Digestive Enzymmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and biochemical effect of neem and other Meliaceae plants secondary metabolites against Lepidopteran insects

Senthil-Nathan

2013

Front. Physiol.

207

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This review described the physiological and biochemical effects of various secondary metabolites from Meliaceae against major Lepidopteran insect pest including, Noctuidae and Pyralidae. The biochemical effect of major Meliaceae secondary metabolites were discussed more in this review. Several enzymes based on food materials have critical roles in nutritional indices (food utilization) of the insect pest population. Several research work has been referred and the effect of Meliaceae secondary metabolites on feeding parameters of insects by demonstrating food consumption, approximate digestibility of consumed food, efficiency of converting the ingested food to body substance, efficiency of converting digested food to body substance and consumption index was reviewed in detail. Further how the digestive enzymes including a-Amylases, α and β-glucosidases (EC 3.2.1.1), lipases (EC 3.1.1) Proteases, serine, cysteine, and aspartic proteinases affected by the Meliaceae secondary metabolites was reviewed. Further effect of Meliaceae secondary metabolites on detoxifying enzymes have been found to react against botanical insecticides including general esterases (EST), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and phosphatases was reviewed. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP, E.C.3.1.3.1) and acid phosphatase (ACP, E.C.3.1.3.2) are hydrolytic enzymes, which hydrolyze phosphomonoesters under alkaline or acid conditions, respectively. These enzymes were affected by the secondary metabolites treatment. The detailed mechanism of action was further explained in this review. Acethylcholine esterase (AChE) is a key enzyme that terminates nerve impulses by catalyzing the hydrolysis of neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, in the nervous system of various organisms. How the AChE activity was altered by the Meliaceae secondary metabolites reviewed in detail.

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Section: Effect Of Meliaceae Secondary Metabolites On Digestive Enzymmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and biochemical effect of neem and other Meliaceae plants secondary metabolites against Lepidopteran insects

Senthil-Nathan

2013

Front. Physiol.

207

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“…In the desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria), regulation of blood volume and its composition depend on selective reabsorption in the hindgut (ileal and rectal segments) from a primary urine secreted by the Malpighian tubules (reviewed by Phillips et al, 1986Phillips et al, , 1988Phillips et al, , 1994. Stimulation of ileal ion and water reabsorption by ion transport peptide (ScgITP*) has been reported by Audsley et al, (1992a,b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Occurrence of ion transport peptide (ITP) and ion transport-like peptide (ITP-L) in orthopteroids

Macins

Meredith

Zhao

et al. 1999

Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol.

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Comparison of the sequence and biological activity of ITP‐related proteins from other insects on Schistocerca hindgut will provide further understanding of ITP interaction with its receptor (ITPR) and may thus open new avenues of insect pest control if good ITPR antagonists can be developed. Using a specific bioassay (measurement of ileal Cl– transport) and Western blot analysis with antibodies raised to Schistocerca ion transport peptide (ScgITP) sequences, we demonstrate stimulatory ITP‐related peptides in the corpora cardiaca (CC) of several othopteran insects (Schistocerca gregaria, Locusta migratoria, Melanoplus sanguinipes, Xanthippus corallipes, Carausius morosus, Periplaneta americana and Acheta domesticus.). For the first time, we have immunologically detected ITP in Schistocerca brain, the tissue in which ITP transcripts are found and which has some activity in the bioassay. Neither reciprocal bioassays nor immunological results reveal any differences between two locust species, Locusta and Schistocerca, which is consistent with cDNA analysis. Using Schistocerca‐derived primers and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we show that Locusta brain contains RNA encoding for peptides with identical sequence to ScgITP and with only a single neutral amino acid change from Schistocerca ion transport‐like peptide (ScgITP‐L). We present evidence that ITP‐L transcripts are present in at least 3 locust/grasshopper genera but have been unable to detect ITP‐L peptide to date in any tissues assayed by Western blotting at a detection limit of 0.8 pmol/tissue. Results indicate high conservation of ITP structure and biological activity among these orthopteroids, in contrast to several other insect orders. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 40:107–118, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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“…Orthopterans are popular comparative models to study thermal tolerance in insects as many facets of their thermal biology have been studied (Andersen et al, 2017b;Coello Alvarado et al, 2015;Des Marteaux and Sinclair, 2016;Findsen et al, 2013;MacMillan and Sinclair, 2011a;Robertson et al, 2017). Moreover, they are a suitable group because the basic processes for ion and water transport can be measured readily Phillips and Audsley, 1995;Phillips et al, 1988Phillips et al, , 1996Robertson et al, 2014). In herbivorous insects such as the locust, the Malpighian tubules secrete a KCl-rich primary urine to the hindgut, where selective reabsorption of solutes and water occurs to maintain ion and water balance (Harrison et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold tolerance is linked to osmoregulatory function of the hindgut inLocusta migratoria

Gerber

Overgaard

2018

Journal of Experimental Biology

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There is growing evidence that maintenance of ion and water balance determines cold tolerance in many insects. The hindgut of terrestrial insects is critical for maintaining organismal homeostasis as it regulates solute and water balance of the haemolymph. Here, we used everted gut sacs of to examine the effects of temperature (0-30°C), thermal acclimation, hypoxia, and ionic and osmotic forces on bulk water and ion (Na, K and Cl) movement across the rectal epithelium. These findings were related to simultaneous measurements of water and ion balance in locusts exposed to similar temperatures. As predicted, we observed a critical inhibition of net water and ion reabsorption at low temperature that was proportional to the loss of water and ion homeostasis. Further, cold-acclimated locusts, which are known to defend ion and water balance at low temperature, were characterised by improved reabsorptive capacity at low temperature. These findings strongly support the hypothesis that transport mechanisms in the hindgut at low temperature are essential for cold tolerance. The loss of osmoregulatory capacity at low temperature was primarily caused by reduced active transport, while rectal paracellular permeability to fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran was unchanged at 0 and 30°C. During cold exposure, water reabsorption was independent of major cation gradients across the epithelia, while a reduction in mucosal Cl availability and an increase in mucosal osmolality markedly depressed water reabsorption. These findings are discussed in the context of existing knowledge and with suggestions for future physiological studies on cold acclimation and adaptation in insects.

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Some major transport mechanisms of insect absorptive epithelia

Cited by 41 publications

References 22 publications

Physiological and biochemical effect of neem and other Meliaceae plants secondary metabolites against Lepidopteran insects

Physiological and biochemical effect of neem and other Meliaceae plants secondary metabolites against Lepidopteran insects

Occurrence of ion transport peptide (ITP) and ion transport-like peptide (ITP-L) in orthopteroids

Cold tolerance is linked to osmoregulatory function of the hindgut inLocusta migratoria

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