Some like it slow: a bioenergetic evaluation of habitat quality for juvenile Chinook salmon in the Lemhi River, Idaho

Carmichael, Richard A.; Tonina, Daniele; Keeley, Ernest R.; Benjankar, Rohan; See, Kevin E.

doi:10.1139/cjfas-2019-0136

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(105 reference statements)

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“…Modeling approaches are becoming more widely used to evaluate the effects of different management scenarios for stream fishes. Studies to evaluate the effect of restoration efforts or predict future consequences of climate change are commonly based on the availability of suitable habitat for salmonid fishes (Jenkins and Keeley 2010;Urabe et al 2010;Carmichael et al 2020;Railsback et al 2021b). At the core of many such models, fish foraging behavior and estimates of food consumption are used to calculate energy intake and habitat suitability (Hughes and Dill 1990;Rosenfeld and Taylor 2009;Dodrill et al 2016;Hayes et al 2016;Railsback et al 2021a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the Foodscape for Stream‐Dwelling Cutthroat Trout Reveals Spatial and Temporal Ranges of Resource Exploitation and Energy Intake

Owens

Keeley

2022

Trans Am Fish Soc

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Food availability is a primary factor limiting the abundance of wild populations, but quantifying it requires an understanding of when and where prey are vulnerable to predators. Salmonid fishes in streams are commonly thought to forage on drifting aquatic invertebrates during daylight hours. However, past studies also report benthic and nocturnal foraging despite the predominant view of salmonids as diurnal drift‐feeding predators. We used instream videography to assess foraging mode and energy intake for stream‐dwelling Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri. We recorded the foraging behavior of wild fish with a waterproof video camera and estimated energy intake based on fish size, foraging rate, retention rate, and caloric values of prey. Fish captured prey primarily from the water column and surface, targeting drifting invertebrates during daytime hours; however, they also foraged from the stream benthos and during nighttime. Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout foraging rate was most strongly related to foraging location in the stream, diel period, and month. Energy intake was highest from daytime drift‐foraging behavior and exceeded a modeled metabolic limit of food intake during October and November. Nocturnal and benthic foraging contributed the smallest proportion of total foraging attempts but was observed over all months of our study and sometimes comprised up to 30% of estimated energy intake. Our results indicate that Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout in streams acquire most of the food intake as daytime drift‐feeding predators.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the Foodscape for Stream‐Dwelling Cutthroat Trout Reveals Spatial and Temporal Ranges of Resource Exploitation and Energy Intake

Owens

Keeley

2022

Trans Am Fish Soc

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“…As such, these models can be used to estimate growth from consumption or vice versa, while accounting for size‐ and temperature‐dependent effects on these physiological processes. Applications of these models range widely (see Deslauriers et al 2017 for review) but can include quantitative assessments of predation mortality (Lowery and Beauchamp 2015; Sorel et al 2016b) or consumption demand and carrying capacity (Sorel et al 2016a; Taylor et al 2020), estimating habitat quantity and growth potential (Weber et al 2014; Carmichael et al 2020), or evaluating possible distributional (Lawrence et al 2015) or trophic shifts due to climate change (Breeggemann et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioenergetics model for the nonnative Redside Shiner

2023

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Objective Redside Shiner Richardsonius balteatus has expanded from its native range in the Pacific Northwest region of North America to establish populations in six other western states. This expansion has fueled concerns regarding competition between Redside Shiner and native species, including salmonids. We developed a bioenergetic model for Redside Shiner, providing a powerful tool to quantify its trophic role in invaded ecosystems and evaluate potential impacts on native species. Methods Mass‐ and temperature‐dependent functions for consumption and respiration were fit based on controlled laboratory experiments of maximum consumption rates and routine metabolic rates using intermittent‐flow respirometry, across a range of fish sizes (0.6–27.3 g) and temperatures (5–31°C). Laboratory growth experiments were conducted to corroborate model performance across different temperatures and feeding rates. Result Initial bioenergetic simulations of long‐term growth experiments indicated large model error for predicted consumption and growth, and deviations from observed responses varied systematically as a function of daily consumption rate (J·g−1·d−1) and water temperature. A growth rate error correction function was developed and included in the bioenergetics model framework on a daily time step, resulting in decreased absolute model error in all experimental groups. Predicted values from the corrected model were highly correlated with observed values (R2; consumption = 0.97, final weight = 0.99) and unbiased. These results show that the optimal temperature for Redside Shiner growth (18°C) exceeds that of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. by 2–6°C under a scenario of high food availability and moderate food quality. Conclusion Consequently, increases in water temperature associated with climate change may favor growth and expansion of Redside Shiner populations, while negatively affecting some salmonids. The bioenergetics model presented here provides the necessary first step in quantifying trophic impacts in sensitive ecosystems where Redside Shiner have invaded or in ecosystems where anadromous salmonid reintroductions are being considered.

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“…Riparian plants, geomorphic features and valley extent influence the structure of fish populations. For example, Burnett (2001) observed that juvenile Chinook salmon ( O. tshawytscha ) prefer large, unconfined valleys due to the greater availability of slow‐water habitats compared to narrow, constrained valleys (Carmichael et al, 2020). Spawning by Chinook salmon has also been observed in high densities in large valleys where low gradient channels provide flow conditions that are suitable for nest building and riparian plants offer spawning adults and juvenile fish cover from predators (Buffington et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of tributary junctions and their capacity for rearing juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) on a regulated river

Buxton

Bradley

2022

Ecohydrology

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The Trinity River in northern California was adjusting to unregulated flood and mining impacts when it was dammed and flow regulation began in 1960. We examine the subsequent evolution of the river's alluvial channel through 60 years of increases in regulated mainstem flow regimes in an unconfined and confined valley where Rush and Indian creeks respectively join the river 6.9 and 26.7 river kilometres from Lewiston Dam. The resulting capacity of the tributary junctions for rearing Chinook salmon fry in the current flow regime is evaluated with an empirical model developed for the Trinity River. Results indicate that morphologic changes at Indian Creek were relatively minor after damming because mainstem flows were restricted to a narrow channel in comparison to the channel at Rush Creek. Conversely, active channel and bar areas significantly declined at Rush Creek because the mainstem sediment supply was more severely reduced by flow regulation that enabled riparian vegetation to colonize the expansive alluvial surfaces that were present. These changes reduced instream habitat, suggesting salmon populations in large valleys may be at higher risk below dams than in smaller valleys where the reduced flow is confined to an already narrow channel. However, the relatively wide and unconfined valley responded more positively to increases in flow and sediment through the regulatory periods to yield significantly higher capacities for rearing Chinook fry. Therefore, while unconfined reaches may be particularly susceptible to change when a river is dammed, they may also provide the greatest opportunity for restoration of salmon populations.

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Some like it slow: a bioenergetic evaluation of habitat quality for juvenile Chinook salmon in the Lemhi River, Idaho

Cited by 8 publications

References 65 publications

Quantifying the Foodscape for Stream‐Dwelling Cutthroat Trout Reveals Spatial and Temporal Ranges of Resource Exploitation and Energy Intake

Quantifying the Foodscape for Stream‐Dwelling Cutthroat Trout Reveals Spatial and Temporal Ranges of Resource Exploitation and Energy Intake

Bioenergetics model for the nonnative Redside Shiner

Evolution of tributary junctions and their capacity for rearing juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) on a regulated river

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