Some like it hot, some not – Tropical and arctic mushrooms

Halbwachs, Hans; Simmel, Josef

doi:10.1016/j.fbr.2018.04.001

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Hence, in warm, humid tropical systems, where microbial, pathogenic and predation pressures are commonplace (Bahram et al . 2018; Halbwachs & Simmel 2018), small, short‐lived fruit bodies would likely be an advantage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A further explanation, relevant for species with small fruit bodies at high latitudes, is the need to escape freezing. Soft‐fleshed mushrooms in boreal and arctic ecosystems are at high risk of freezing during fructification and spore production (Halbwachs & Simmel 2018). With small fruit bodies, spores are produced within a short time frame such that the risk of damage induced by freezing is minimised.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global analysis reveals an environmentally driven latitudinal pattern in mushroom size across fungal species

et al. 2021

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Although macroecology is a well‐established field, much remains to be learned about the large‐scale variation of fungal traits. We conducted a global analysis of mean fruit body size of 59 geographical regions worldwide, comprising 5340 fungal species exploring the response of fruit body size to latitude, resource availability and temperature. The results showed a hump‐shaped relationship between mean fruit body size and distance to the equator. Areas with large fruit bodies were characterised by a high seasonality and an intermediate mean temperature. The responses of mutualistic species and saprotrophs were similar. These findings support the resource availability hypothesis, predicting large fruit bodies due to a seasonal resource surplus, and the thermoregulation hypothesis, according to which small fruit bodies offer a strategy to avoid heat and cold stress and therefore occur at temperature extremes. Fruit body size may thus be an adaptive trait driving the large‐scale distribution of fungal species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global analysis reveals an environmentally driven latitudinal pattern in mushroom size across fungal species

et al. 2021

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“…An explanation for gomphoid species with smaller fruit bodies after the Mesozoic is the need to adapt to aridification, especially during the late Eocene and beyond, when it was generally more arid than before due to global cooling [ 73 , 74 , 75 ]. Water supply is crucial for fungal growth [ 76 ], as mentioned by Halbwachs et al [ 20 ]; many macrofungi experience considerable dwarfing in dry years. However, the decrease in fruit body size was not followed by stasis or acceleration; rather, fruit body size enlarged through the Quaternary ( Figure 3 F,J).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny, Taxonomy and Evolutionary Trade-Offs in Reproductive Traits of Gomphoid Fungi (Gomphaceae, Gomphales)

Fan

Liu

Yang

2023

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Although functional ecology is a well-established field, our understanding of the evolutionary and ecological significance of the reproductive traits in macrofungi is still limited. Here, we reconstructed a phylogeny tree of gomphoid fungi in the narrower sense, including the species of the genera Gomphus and Turbinellus and used it to uncover the evolution of reproductive traits. Our analyses indicated that fungal fruit bodies and spores did not enlarge at a steady rate over time. Early gomphoid fungi essentially maintained their fruit body size, spore size and spore shape through the Mesozoic. In the Cenozoic, gomphoid fungi acquired significantly larger and more spherical spores by simultaneously expanding in length and width, with the fruit body size first decreasing and then enlarging. We argue that these trade-offs were driven by the effect of biological extinction and the dramatic climate changes of the Cenozoic. Gomphoid fungi initially increased in spore size and fruit body number as extinction survivors filled vacant niches. Both fruit bodies and spores eventually became larger as ecosystems saturated and competition intensified. One new species of Gomphus and nine new species of Turbinellus are described.

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“…There are many areas of the world that remain understudied and are likely to harbor a wealth of new fungal lineages and species. For example, fungal diversity is under-explored in tropical rainforests, deep sea, marine and semi-marine, and extreme ecosystems, i.e., karst caves and polar environments [ 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 ]. Moreover, based on pyrosequencing of soil-inhabiting fungi, Tedersoo et al [ 88 ] suggested an abundance of undescribed taxa in Rozellomycota (Cryptomycota), Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota.…”

Section: Approaches In Taxonomy and Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

OMICS and Other Advanced Technologies in Mycological Applications

Wijayawardene,

Boonyuen,

Ranaweera

et al. 2023

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Fungi play many roles in different ecosystems. The precise identification of fungi is important in different aspects. Historically, they were identified based on morphological characteristics, but technological advancements such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing now enable more accurate identification and taxonomy, and higher-level classifications. However, some species, referred to as “dark taxa”, lack distinct physical features that makes their identification challenging. High-throughput sequencing and metagenomics of environmental samples provide a solution to identifying new lineages of fungi. This paper discusses different approaches to taxonomy, including PCR amplification and sequencing of rDNA, multi-loci phylogenetic analyses, and the importance of various omics (large-scale molecular) techniques for understanding fungal applications. The use of proteomics, transcriptomics, metatranscriptomics, metabolomics, and interactomics provides a comprehensive understanding of fungi. These advanced technologies are critical for expanding the knowledge of the Kingdom of Fungi, including its impact on food safety and security, edible mushrooms foodomics, fungal secondary metabolites, mycotoxin-producing fungi, and biomedical and therapeutic applications, including antifungal drugs and drug resistance, and fungal omics data for novel drug development. The paper also highlights the importance of exploring fungi from extreme environments and understudied areas to identify novel lineages in the fungal dark taxa.

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Some like it hot, some not – Tropical and arctic mushrooms

Cited by 10 publications

References 68 publications

Global analysis reveals an environmentally driven latitudinal pattern in mushroom size across fungal species

Global analysis reveals an environmentally driven latitudinal pattern in mushroom size across fungal species

Phylogeny, Taxonomy and Evolutionary Trade-Offs in Reproductive Traits of Gomphoid Fungi (Gomphaceae, Gomphales)

OMICS and Other Advanced Technologies in Mycological Applications

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