Some Interrelationships of Growth, Salt Absorption, Respiration, and Mycorrhizal Development in Pinus echinata Mill.

Routien, John B.; Dawson, Ray F.

doi:10.2307/2437213

Cited by 25 publications

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“…Trees are dependent on symbiotic association with mycorrhizal fungi for their soil nutrients and therefore for their existence in all but the most fertile agricultural soils." RouTiEN & Dawson (1943) The Hatchian hypothesis suffers from two grave disabilities: (1) it fails to take into consideration the rooting medium of the mycotrophic plant. The loci of mycorrhizae are most diverse and in many cases are disintegrating organic residues, and it is rather puzzling to understand how there can be a total intake of water and mineral salts from a medium consisting chiefly of organic compounds.…”

Section: The Greater Absorption Capacity Of Mycorrhizal Seedlings Is mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotrophy in plants; lectures on the biology of mycorrhizae and related structures

Kelley¹

1950

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Mycotrophy Forest tree mycorrhizae receive continued attention from two of the principal investigators of mycotrophy. Rayner (1941) has summarized her own and related researches on the effect of composts on tree growth. Melin's (1946) attention has been turned especially to growth and anti-bacterial substances with respect to mycotrophy. Recently fallen leaf-litter was found to contain water-soluble substances that promoted the growth of litter-decomposing and mycorrhizal fungi. Cognate studies have been made by Harley but his latest paper was not available at this writing. Early Studies on Root Hairs:-Early observers were perhaps influenced by knowledge of circulation of blood in animal bodies and were doubtless expecting to find vessels in plants. When Malpighi found root-hairs on elm, black poplar, and willow roots, he assumed that these structures took up crude sap and passed it on to vessels. Grew, publishing about the same time (1682) had decided that spongy ends of roots served admirably for absorption of water and food from the soil; and Hales in 1727 and de la Baisse in 1733 tried to show experimentally that the greater quantity of water used by the plant was taken up through ends of the root-tips and that root-hairs were only incidental phenomena. To these hypotheses was added in 1768 that of S. Simon, who stated that roots, at least the noduliferous, are merely excretionary organs which serve to eliminate excess elaborated sap from the plant. In the earliest years of the nineteenth century, Garradori showed that root-hairs are wanting in water, from which fact he concluded that root hairs serve for absorption of moisture from the air and not for absorption of liquid water, which, he concluded, must be taken up by the spongy ends of roots. But, according to Moldenhawer, root-hairs may be compared to druse-hairs of leaves : they secrete a liquid which serves Kelley-2-Mycotrophy to dissolve food materials somewhat as saliva does in animals. It was F. Meyen, in 1838, who came to the modern view that root-hairs serve merely to increase the outer surface area of the root. By such studies attention was focused on root-hairs until Botany was firmly moulded to the view that higher plants are nourished by a root-hair mechanism. So positive had Botany become that by 1883, Frank Schwarz (from whom we have quoted much of the preceding paragraph) was able to state without exciting contradiction: "From my researches it may be stated that root-hairs are present on most plants, and when a plant fails to produce root-hairs it may be counted an exception." He listed as exceptions : water and swamp plants, and those the water and salt requirements of which are met in a special way, as in conifers, noduHferous plants and in part by parasites. Early Study of Nodules:-Thus it was, not by extended observation or study of plants in nature but by sheer dogmatism that root-hairs came to be regarded as the predominate root structures of higher plants. Hairless roots were considered exceptional, but they were constantly being note...

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Section: The Greater Absorption Capacity Of Mycorrhizal Seedlings Is mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotrophy in plants; lectures on the biology of mycorrhizae and related structures

Kelley¹

1950

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“…Root secretions of pine, wheat, pea and tomato probably influenced mycorrhizal formation (Melin and Das, 1954). There were positive effects of mycorrhizae on growth of trees (White, 1941;Routien and Dawson, 1943;Rayner and Neilson-Jones, 1944;McComb and Griffith, 1946;Trubestskova, Mikhalevskaya and Novichkhova, 1955). However, the rate of growth of plants and the increase in dry weight were not markedly affected by mycor rhizae in the presence of adequate available nutrients (Trubestskova, Mikhalevskaya and Novichkhova, 1955).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mycorrhizal development was found to be correlated with an increase in foliage, number of primary and secondary roots (Shemakhanova, 1962), number of lateral roots, and dry weight of seedlings (Mishustin, 1955). Routien and Dawson (1943) found that Pinus echinata Mill, with my corrhizal roots absorbed more calcium, magnesium, iron and potassium than those without, while Young (1940), McComb (1943), and McComb and Griffith (1946) added phosphorous to the list. These researchers contended that the high metabolic activity of mycorrhizal roots cause a greater intake of minerals.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium concentrations of seedling parts were studied by a number of investigators (Hatch, 1936;McComb, 1943; Routien and Dawson, 1943;Shemakhanova, 1962). Higher concentra tions of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium in mycorrhizal plants strengthen the view that these seedlings absorb more ash constituents (Hatch, 1936(Hatch, , 1937Finn, 1942).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fungal associates of Juglans nigra L.

Khan

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“…Kramer and Wilbur (1949) and Melin and Nilsson (1950) demonstrated that mycorrhizal roots accumulate more in a period of a few hours than nonmycorrhizal roots of pines, Melin and Nilsson (1950) The mechanism by which mycorrhizae render soil phosphorus available to plant is still uncertain. Hatch (1937) visualized the formation of mycorrhizae as so increasing the total absorb ing area of the roots that adequate amounts of salts for growth and development of the trees may be extracted from soils of comparatively low fertility, Routein and Dawson (1943) be lieved the higher metabolic activity of mycorrhizal roots to be the cause of this greater intake of minerals. Stone (1949) found that the inorganic phosphorus solubility in soil around mycorrhizal roots of Pinus radiata was no greater than it was around nonmycorrhizal roots but that formation of mycorrhizae nevertheless increased the uptake of soil phosphorus by the pine seedlings but not by other plants grown in the same culture.…”

Section: Absorption Of Organic Phosphorus By Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in soil organic phosphorus in the presence of plant roots

Thompson

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Some Interrelationships of Growth, Salt Absorption, Respiration, and Mycorrhizal Development in Pinus echinata Mill.

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Mycotrophy in plants; lectures on the biology of mycorrhizae and related structures

Mycotrophy in plants; lectures on the biology of mycorrhizae and related structures

Fungal associates of Juglans nigra L.

Changes in soil organic phosphorus in the presence of plant roots

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