“…Simulations on macroscopic and mesoscopic scales do not include the complex structure of porous media and internal differences in fluids. They can be used to solve for the average macroscopic flow parameters of the control volume, but not the fluid flow parameters of the pores and throats 108 . At the microscale, the research object is the fluid in a single or several pores that can simulate the fluid flow characteristics and flow morphology in complex pores.…”
Section: Numerical Simulation Of Crude Oil Emulsion Flow During Chemi...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…They can be used to solve for the average macroscopic flow parameters of the control volume, but not the fluid flow parameters of the pores and throats. 108 At the microscale, the research object is the fluid in a single or several pores that can simulate the fluid flow characteristics and flow morphology in complex pores. The governing equations of fluid are different descriptions for the same physical phenomenon on macroscopic, mesoscopic, and microscopic scales; the three mathematical models are equivalent through certain transformations.…”
Section: Numerical Simulation Of Crude Oil Emulsion Flow During Chemi...mentioning
Chemical flooding has become an important method to enhance oil recovery in high‐water cut reservoirs. Crude oil emulsification often occurs during chemical flooding, and it plays a very positive role in increasing crude oil production. Crude oil emulsification increases the complexity of fluid flow in the reservoir including multifield coupling characteristics and multiphase flow and multiphase form characteristics. This paper discusses advanced research techniques and the status of multiphase fluid flows in chemical flooding, including the interfacial rheological properties of emulsions, physical simulation of emulsion seepage, and mathematical models and numerical simulations of seepage. Studies on the mechanism of seepage have analyzed the macroscopic and microscopic aspects of seepage during chemical flooding. Prospective directions for future research are indicated including the study of the interfacial rheological characteristics of emulsions, methods for the evaluation of the seepage characteristics of chemical flooding, and mathematical models of multiphase seepage during chemical flooding.
“…Simulations on macroscopic and mesoscopic scales do not include the complex structure of porous media and internal differences in fluids. They can be used to solve for the average macroscopic flow parameters of the control volume, but not the fluid flow parameters of the pores and throats 108 . At the microscale, the research object is the fluid in a single or several pores that can simulate the fluid flow characteristics and flow morphology in complex pores.…”
Section: Numerical Simulation Of Crude Oil Emulsion Flow During Chemi...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…They can be used to solve for the average macroscopic flow parameters of the control volume, but not the fluid flow parameters of the pores and throats. 108 At the microscale, the research object is the fluid in a single or several pores that can simulate the fluid flow characteristics and flow morphology in complex pores. The governing equations of fluid are different descriptions for the same physical phenomenon on macroscopic, mesoscopic, and microscopic scales; the three mathematical models are equivalent through certain transformations.…”
Section: Numerical Simulation Of Crude Oil Emulsion Flow During Chemi...mentioning
Chemical flooding has become an important method to enhance oil recovery in high‐water cut reservoirs. Crude oil emulsification often occurs during chemical flooding, and it plays a very positive role in increasing crude oil production. Crude oil emulsification increases the complexity of fluid flow in the reservoir including multifield coupling characteristics and multiphase flow and multiphase form characteristics. This paper discusses advanced research techniques and the status of multiphase fluid flows in chemical flooding, including the interfacial rheological properties of emulsions, physical simulation of emulsion seepage, and mathematical models and numerical simulations of seepage. Studies on the mechanism of seepage have analyzed the macroscopic and microscopic aspects of seepage during chemical flooding. Prospective directions for future research are indicated including the study of the interfacial rheological characteristics of emulsions, methods for the evaluation of the seepage characteristics of chemical flooding, and mathematical models of multiphase seepage during chemical flooding.
“…Among the developed pore-scale models, such as the pore network model (PNM), , direct hydrodynamic simulation (DHD), lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), and smoothed particle hydrodynamics method (SPH), the pore network method is more effective in the calculation of the study for exchanging information across the scale of multiphase flow in porous media − since it can deal with the information at the pore scale with relatively high computational efficiency compared with LBM . In addition, the PNM can account for the local heterogeneities of the packing structure and is thus more accurate in predicting the complicated flow characteristics in a packed bed of particles. , Certainly, accurate simulation results from any pore scale modeling highly depend on the good capturing of the complex void structure features.…”
The mesoscale packing structure and its coupling with
the gas flow
and heterogeneous reaction kinetics are key for CO2 capture
using CaO-based sorbents. A series of packing structures were constructed
based on the discrete-element method (DEM), and the accuracy was verified
by electronic computer X-ray tomography (CT). It was found that the
random particle filling structure based on the DEM can accurately
reflect the coordination number and connectivity between pores. Further,
a two-dimensional pore network model (PNM) including the effects of
packing structure evolution and diffusion–reaction kinetics
was developed to study the multiscale coupling among gas flow, energy
transport, and carbonation reactions in packed-bed reactors. The calculated
results were validated by comparison with experimental data from thermogravimetric
analyzer (TGA) tests during the CO2 capture process. The
short-circuit flow of the reactive gas caused by the inhomogeneous
packing structure of the binary composite packing bed was not linearly
correlated with the mass percentage of the binary particles. The differences
in the CO2 capture efficiency and sorbent utilization induced
by the packing structure characteristics were demonstrated numerically
to decrease gradually with the Peclet number at an inlet velocity
of 0.8 m/s. Moreover, a dimensionless Thiele modulus was introduced
to assess the effect of internal diffusion. This model and the obtained
results can be used for the optimization and design of packed-bed
reactors with gas–solid uncatalyzed reactions.
“…The pore network model uses regular geometric shapes to approximate the complex pore throat cross-sections and characterizes the irregularity through the shape factor. Due to its less time consumption, reliable results, and the ability to reflect the microscopic pore structure of hydrate-bearing sediments to some degree, pore network modeling − has been widely used in studying dynamic permeability evolution in hydrate-bearing sediments. Liang et al (2010) developed a regular grain-coating hydrate-bearing network to study the effect of hydrate formation and growth on dynamic permeability evolution.…”
Permeability is a key parameter to characterize fluid flow in hydrate-bearing sediments. Figuring out dynamic permeability evolution is of great importance for the effective development of hydrate-bearing deposits. In this paper, a grain-coating hydrate-bearing regular pore network model with complex pore throat cross-sections is first constructed. Afterward, the dynamic permeability evolution regularity is calculated. After the validation, the effects of initial aspect ratio, coordination number, and pore throat cross-sections on dynamic permeability evolution are investigated. The results show that hydrate narrows the effective flow space, which results in the exponential decrease of dynamic permeability with the increased hydrate saturation. The larger initial aspect ratio aggravates the heterogeneity of the pore network, resulting in a faster permeability decline rate. However, hydrate weakens the effect of initial aspect ratio on dynamic permeability evolution since the physical hydrate thickness in large pore bodies and throats is larger. The high initial coordination number reduces the dynamic permeability decline rate with the increased hydrate saturation since the higher coordination number increases the topology of the network, while hydrate compresses or blocks the effective pore throat space. Pore throat cross-sections have nothing to do with dynamic permeability evolution, but they dramatically influence the absolute permeability values. This study provides a novel insight into dynamic permeability evolution in hydratebearing sediments.
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