Some improvement strategies for the sustainable chickpea development: Single or combined application of monosodium phosphate and sodium sulphate with or without gibberellic acid treatment by foliar or seed priming

Abstract

An experiment was laid out with a target to enhance the performance of gram by the foliar spray of a minute amount of monosodium phosphate and/or sodium sulphate (P and S each at 2 kg/ha were sprayed in two equal splits, i.e. half at 60 and the remaining half at the 70 DAS alone or in combination with the gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) treatment i.e., spray or soaking or P and S solution at 0.1%) with or without the seed priming of GA 3 (10 -6 M GA 3 for 8h) and/ or the GA 3 foliar application (10 -6 M GA 3 at 60-70 DAS). Monosodium phosphate and sodium sulphate each at 2 kg/ha were foliage applied in two equal splits, i.e. half at 60 and the remaining half at the 70 DAS alone or in combination with the GA 3 . Prior to sowing, total seeds were categorised into two groups; one group of seeds was primed in 0.0M GA 3 and the other was primed in 10 -6 M GA 3 aqueous solution, each for 8 hours. Total 16 treatments with 10 best combinations of monosodium phosphate and/or sodium sulphate with GA 3 are possible viz., F PS , S GA + F P , S GA + F S , S GA + F PS , F GAP , F GAS , F GAPS, S GA + F GAP , S GA + F GAS and S GA + F GAPS . The combined application of monosodium phosphate and sodium sulphate with GA 3 stimulated seed yield per plant, total protein and carbohydrate content at 130 DAS, along with other parameters at the 80 and 90 DAS.

Chickpea responses to application of plant growth regulators, organics and nutrients

“…39,40 In addition, gibberellins inhibit the adventitious root formation but enhance a number of physiological processes including activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Ru BP case), bunching of grapes, breaking of seed and bud dormancy, cell-wall plasticity, cell elongation, flowering, growth and yield of sugarcane, P N , parthenocarpic, protein-synthesis, phloem-loading, relative growth rate (RGR), Stomatal aperture, senescence, stemelongation, seed-germination, synthesis and secretion of hydrolyzing enzymes particularly α-amylase for promoting hydrolysis of storage-reserves, transpiration rate, transcription of messenger (m)-RNA and vernalization. 14,42 SA reduces ethylene biosynthesis and enhances a number of physiological processes, including defence mechanism against abiotic and biotic stress, membrane permeability, photosynthesis, seed germination, specific changes in leaf anatomy and chloroplast structure, synthesis of auxin and cytokinins and transpiration rate (El-Tayeb, 2005).…”

Effect of Macronutrients and Gibberellic Acid on Photosynthetic Machinery, Nitrogen-Fixation, Cell Metabolites and Seed Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

“…The enhancing effect of foliar application of 10 -6 MGA at 60-70 DAS over the water-sprayed control on CA, NR, P N , gs, and Lb (observed at 90 and 100 DAS) of chickpea cultivars, particularly DCP 92-3 receiving the officially recommended basal dose of 40kg N + 30kg P 2 O 5 / ha can be traced to its various comparatively more roles in plants. For example, application of GA improves, among other processes, absorption and use efficiency of nutrients [48,49], activity of enzymes [50,51], cell division and cell enlargement [52,53], chlorophyll content [54], elongation of internode, membrane permeability [55][56][57], P N [58], nucleic acid and protein synthesis [59][60][61], and transport of photosynthates [62].…”