Some impacts of global warming on critical infrastructure protection - heat waves and the European financial sector

Abstract

Global warming is one of the hottest topics today, impacting every aspect of our life on Earth. Surprisingly, the effects of climate change on critical infrastructure protection have not been studied extensively. This paper i) examines three challenges raised by heatwaves: managing environmental risks; failure of partners and supply chains caused by extreme weather; operation during heatwaves, and ii) gives an overview of the responses of the European financial sector. By contributing to the growing research area of global warming, this study provides an opportunity to understand some of the climate risks better and offers some insights into the climate strategy of the European banking industry. Research data is drawn from two primary sources. Relevant literature was explored, and current supervisory recommendations were examined along with the results of the European financial sector's first climate risk stress test.

Problems of Investigation of Crimes in the Field of Information Technology

“…Israel's cyber defence system also deserves attention, as it consists of a number of global cyber companies, start-ups, the necessary education and training in the military and law enforcement agencies, and support for public and private initiatives to improve cybersecurity in the country. Considering that the country is often subjected to cyberattacks on various sectors, in particular critical infrastructure, at the beginning, special intelligence agencies were created to monitor cyberattacks and repel them (Somogyi & Nagy, 2022). Currently, cybersecurity is coordinated by the government and is being developed through large investments in the field, in particular through the educational level and opportunities to profile cybersecurity at the level of secondary and higher education, as well as the creation of research centres to analyse the nature of cyberattacks to further prevent a repeated threat (Sikos, 2021).…”

Merger Control on Energy Markets (Case Studies: Vertical Consolidations in the Energy Sector, PGE/ENERGA, NORD STREAM II, ORLEN/LOTOS, ORLEN/PGNIG))

“…Like telecommunications, media or railway markets, energy markets are strategic industries in every state organization. They play an important role in ensuring security, especially in real internal or external threats (Grega, Nečas, 2022;Somogyi, Nagy, 2022;Radchenko et al, 2023;Sikimić, M. 2022). These markets and any other (non-strategic) markets are subject to the provisions on the control of merger of enterprises without statutory exclusions.…”

Crisis and Resilient Response

“…There can be infinite reasons for it, both on the global level, e.g. war, global crises, global warming, pandemics (Išoraitė & Alperytė, 2023;Beshir, 2022;Somogyi & Nagy, 2022;Župerkienė et al, 2021;Bilczak, 2021;Buzzanca, Conigliani & Costantini, 2023 ) or on the personal level, e.g., illness, separation, death, loss of sense of security due to loss of job (Jankelová et al, 2021;Ighoshemu & Ogidiagba, 2022;Rak et al, 2022).…”