Some geometric properties of the third metacarpal bone: A comparison between the thoroughbred and standardbred racehorse

Nunamaker, David M.; Butterweck, D.M.; Provost, M. T.

doi:10.1016/0021-9290(89)90035-3

Cited by 93 publications

(62 citation statements)

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“…Coincide lo anterior con Nunamaker et al (1989) quien encontró que el área cortical aumenta claramente entre el primer y quinto año de edad al igual que el crecimiento del área total.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Propiedades Morfológicas en la Parte Media de la Díafisis del Hueso Metacarpiano III de Equino Mestizo Criollo

et al. 2015

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RESUMEN:El desarrollo del esqueleto es de máxima importancia en caballos de trabajo y alta competencia. Los miembros torácicos sostienen el 60% del peso corporal y están sometidos a esfuerzos biomecánicos que los predisponen a lesiones, estando obligados a especializarse en el apoyo. El metacarpiano III soporta la mayor carga entre los huesos del cuerpo y la sustancia compacta tiene gran espesor dorsal y medial. Es un material complejo que posee plasticidad y fuerza considerable, con capacidad para soportar la deformación y recuperar su forma. El objetivo de este estudio es aportar conocimientos morfológicos, aplicables a la clínica animal, del hueso metacarpiano III de equino mestizo criollo. Se estudiaron los huesos metacarpiano III de 30 equinos hembras y machos, entre 18 meses y 5 años de edad, divididos en dos grupos etarios, provenientes del frigorífico General Pico, Las Higueras. Se determinó: peso y longitud total; diámetro latero-medial y dorso-palmar en la parte media de la diáfisis. Al metacarpiano III izquierdo se le practicó una osteotomía transversal en la parte media de la diáfisis para determinar: espesor de la cortical, área cortical, área medular y área total. Los datos fueron analizados mediante técnicas de correlación y regresión lineal simple, análisis de la varianza y comparaciones múltiples de Tukey usando el paquete estadístico InfoStat, con un nivel de significación de 0,05. Los resultados muestran que existe asociación entre el peso versus área cortical (r= 0,76, p= 0,0001) y longitud del hueso versus área cortical (r= 0,74 p= 0,0001), el área depende linealmente del peso y longitud del hueso (R2= 0,97, p<0,0001 y R2= 0,96, p<0,0001 respectivamente). Se comprobó que existen diferencias significativas entre los diámetros de las áreas y espesor de los cuadrantes (p<0,0001), al contrastar los cuadrantes entre sí se observaron diferencias a excepción del cuadrante dorsal y lateral. Existe diferencias entre las áreas de los distintos grupos etários (p= 0,0034). La morfología tiene influencia sobre las propiedades biomecánicas del hueso.PALABRAS CLAVE: Equino; Hueso metacarpiano III; Morfometría. INTRODUCCIÓNEl desarrollo del sistema esquelético es un importante requerimiento para un caballo con potencial de competición y trabajo (Bigot et al., 1996). En el caballo, los miembros torácicos sostienen en mayor medida el peso corporal, ya que el 60% del peso se encuentra apoyado en ellos debido a la posición craneal del centro de gravedad y en consecuencia están sometidos a un mayor esfuerzo biomecánico. El metacarpiano III soporta la mayor carga entre los huesos del cuerpo (Bartel et al., 1978). La sustancia compacta (cortical) es de gran espesor en sus cuadrantes dorsal y medial y responde como un material complejo que posee plasticidad y fuerza considerable con capacidad para soportar deformación y recuperación de su forma, además cumple funciones mecánicas y protectoras. El metacarpiano III del caballo posee poca cobertura de tejidos blandos, excepto en su cara palmar (Richardson, 2006) y pos...

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“…Coincide lo anterior con Nunamaker et al (1989) quien encontró que el área cortical aumenta claramente entre el primer y quinto año de edad al igual que el crecimiento del área total.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Propiedades Morfológicas en la Parte Media de la Díafisis del Hueso Metacarpiano III de Equino Mestizo Criollo

et al. 2015

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“…Further, as a quantitative method, DXA also has the ability to reveal and monitor changes in bone structural properties in humans and in various in vivo animal models (Griffin et al 1993, Turner et al 1995, Grier et al 1996. Previous research in horses focused on the structural and mechanical properties of the third metacarpal bone (Bynum et al 1971, El Shorafa et al 1979, Nunamaker et al 1989) and the proximal sesamoid bones (Young et al 1991), although little is known about the biomechanical properties of the first phalanx (Thompson et al 1996, Dzierzęcka andCharuta 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone mineral density (BMD) and computer tomographic measurements of the equine proximal phalanx in correlation with breaking strength

Tóth¹,

Horváth²,

Ferencz³

et al. 2013

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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Despite the fact that bone mineral density (BMD) is an important fracture risk predictor in human medicine, studies in equine orthopedic research are still lacking. We hypothesized that BMD correlates with bone failure and fatigue fractures of this bone. Thus, the objectives of this study were to measure the structural and mechanical properties of the proximal phalanx with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), to correlate the data obtained from DXA and computer tomography (CT) measurements to those obtained by loading pressure examination and to establish representative region of interest (ROI) for in vitro BMD measurements of the equine proximal phalanx for predicting bone failure force.DXA was used to measure the whole bone BMD and additional three ROI sites in 14 equine proximal phalanges. Following evaluation of the bone density, whole bone, cortical width and area in the mid-diaphyseal plane were measured on CT images. Bones were broken using a manually controlled universal bone crusher to measure bone failure force and reevaluated for the site of fractures on follow-up CT images. Compressive load was applied at a constant displacement rate of 2 mm/min until failure, defined as the first clear drop in the load measurement.The lowest BMD was measured at the trabecular region (mean ± SD: 1.52 ± 0.12 g/cm 2 ; median: 1.48 g/cm 2 ; range: 1.38-1.83 g/cm 2 ). There was a significant positive linear correlation between trabelcular BMD and the breaking strength (P=0.023, r=0.62). The trabecular region of the proximal phalanx appears to be the only significant indicator of failure of strength in vitro. This finding should be reassessed to further reveal the prognostic value of trabecular BMD in an in vivo fracture risk model.

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“…Cortical cross-sectional area (Nunamaker, Butterweck and Provost 1989) and mineral density of the Mc3 diaphysis increase rapidly until around 18 months old, reaching a maximum at 4-7 years old (El Shorafa, Feaster and Ott 1979), reflective of maturation of the bone through cortical modelling and remodelling. Longer Mc3 tend to have thicker dorsal cortices as measured by plain radiography, which is thought to be a response to the greater bending moment experienced by longer bones (Davies and Watson 2005).…”

Section: 2 2 Development and Growth Of Mc3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcified tissue structure in the distal condyle of the third metacarpal bone in young Thoroughbred horses

Doube¹

2017

Preprint

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Aims: To determine improvements in third metacarpal (Mc3) condylar microanatomy attributable to preconditioning exercise. To investigate developmental causes of Mc3 condylar fracture.Methods: Twelve Thoroughbred horses were raised at pasture; six received preconditioning exercise from 10 days. Calcein labels were administered 19 and 11 days prior to euthanasia at 18 months. Six horses also received 2 seasons of race-training and were euthanised at 3 years. Slices were taken from the distal Mc3 condyle in the frontal and dorsal-and palmar-oblique frontal planes, scanned with DXA and macerated (frontal slices) or embedded in PMMA (oblique slices).Articular calcified cartilage (ACC) and subchondral bone (SCB) in oblique slices were imaged using confocal scanning light microscopy and quantitative backscattered electron scanning electron microscopy. ACC and SCB in the palmar slice lateral parasagittal grooves were imaged using µCT and nanoindentation tested. Results: Characteristic spatial variations in ACC and SCB histomorphometric parameters were present, none of which was significantly related to preconditioning exercise. Thickened, aberrantly mineralised ACC was found in 13/24 parasagittal grooves in the palmar slices and on the sagittal ridge of 4/12 dorsal slices of 18-month-old horses. Deep to thickened ACC, SCB had an open marrow structure, having not adopted the buttress morphology of the normal SCB plate. SCB in 3-year-old horses had incorporated early ACC defects as notches in parasagittal grooves and a hyaline cartilage island in a sagittal ridge. ACC was less stiff and SCB more stiff in affected than unaffected parasagittal grooves. Chondroclastic resorption in the parasagittal groove may be retarded as early as 3-6 months, possibly due to localised inhibition of Dr Naomi Boxall has guided me through the PhD experience; as one of the several PhD students 5 Attribution I knew while an undergraduate at Massey University she gave me insight into coping with the varied challenges that postgraduate study entails. Naomi also helped correct my sometimes dubious spelling, grammar and punctuation while preparing documents for submission. Jen Swindlehurst provided a number of images of equine metacarpals from her own studies that I was kindly allowed to use in my presentations. Jen's work also (conveniently) supported my own, and it was nice to have a colleague who was so intimately familiar with the problem of condylar fracture. Several of Professor

show abstract

Some geometric properties of the third metacarpal bone: A comparison between the thoroughbred and standardbred racehorse

Cited by 93 publications

References 5 publications

Propiedades Morfológicas en la Parte Media de la Díafisis del Hueso Metacarpiano III de Equino Mestizo Criollo

Propiedades Morfológicas en la Parte Media de la Díafisis del Hueso Metacarpiano III de Equino Mestizo Criollo

Bone mineral density (BMD) and computer tomographic measurements of the equine proximal phalanx in correlation with breaking strength

Calcified tissue structure in the distal condyle of the third metacarpal bone in young Thoroughbred horses

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