Some genetic parameter for maize under different planting dates and environments

A field experiment was conducted using five pure lines of maize: 1= NADH 102, 2= NASA 2022, 3= NAEL 2022, 4= NA 9928 E, and 5= NADH 2006. In the first season of spring 2022, a half-diallel hybridization program was implemented to obtain (10) single cross hybrids. Then, the parents and single cross hybrids were planted in a comparative experiment in the fields of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad / Jadriyah during the spring and autumn seasons of 2023 following a randomized complete block design with four replicates. To study the number of days to tasseling, plant height, leaf number, leaf area, row number, grain number per row, ear length, ear number, weight of 100 grains, and individual plant yield, the results of the study revealed significant differences among the genotypes. Parent 1 recorded the highest plant yield at 289.90 and 297.46 grams plant-1 for both seasons due to its superior weight of 100 grains (25.71 and 26.41 grams) for both seasons. Parent 3 did not differ significantly from parent 1, with a yield of 260.00 and 280.23 grams plant-1 for both seasons respectively, due to its superiority in the highest number of ear rows, grain per rows, and ear grains (18.16 and 18.25 rows ear-1, 30.75 and 32.08 grains row-1, and 559.1 and 585.1 grain ear-1) respectively for both seasons. Among the hybrids, the single cross hybrid (4×2) excelled with the highest plant yield at 427.64 and 450.44 grams plant-1 due to its superiority in plant height and weight of 100 grains (186.75 and 215.37 cm and 29.89 and 28.05 grams) respectively for both seasons. Similarly, the hybrid (5×1) did not differ significantly from hybrid (4×2) with a plant yield of 425.60 and 432.44 grams per plant respectively for both seasons, due to its early tasseling (56.00 and 46.00 days) respectively for both seasons. It also excelled in the number of grains ear-1 (547.2 and 581.4 grains ear-) respectively for both seasons. We propose studying single cross hybrid at different planting dates to demonstrate their ability to adapt to the Iraqi climate and to test them under stressful conditions such as drought.

Section: Number Of Days From Planting To 75% Tasseling (Days)supporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Number Of Grains Ear -1supporting

confidence: 91%

Evaluation of the Performance of Single Cross Maize Hybrids and Their Parents in the Spring and Autumn Seasons

Kazem,

Abed

2024

“…The difference in the number of leaves between dates may be due to the difference in plant height (table, 6). [6,25,31,32,33], reached similar results. The results of Table 6 showed that there was no significant effect of plant densities on the number of leaves, while the varieties differed in the number of leaves, as the Egyptian variety TW-345 excelled by giving the highest rate (14.63) leaves per plant, significantly different from all the Iraqi and Egyptian varieties used, while the Iraqi variety gave AL-Maha had the lowest rate of (12.72) leaf plant -1 .…”

Section: Number Of Active Leaves (Plant Leaf -1 )supporting

confidence: 64%

Evaluating the Performance of some Egyptian Varieties of Maize at High Plant Densities and Late Dates in the Fall Season in Iraqi Environment (Field Traits)

Mirza,

Hadi

2024

A field experiment was carried out at Research Station A of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad - Department of Field Crops in the Jadriya region for the fall season (2023) with the aim of evaluating the performance of some Egyptian varieties and comparing them with two local varieties of maize at high plant densities and late planting dates. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used in a split-spilt plots arrangement with four replications and three factors. The first factor included planting dates (1st and 10th August), the second factor included plant densities (70 and 90) thousand plants h-1, and the third factor included varieties (Baghdad 3, Al-Maha, TW-78, TW-345, IY-355 and IY-207). The results showed that the plants planted on the first date of 1stAugust were earlier, reaching 50% tasseling, which took 49.04 days, and 50% silking, which took 54.54 days. Plants of the same date were superior in plant height, as they gave 247.08 cm, the ear height reached 150.82, and the number of effective leaves was 13.97 leaves plant-1, While the first density plants took the least number of days to reach 50% tasseling, which amounted to 49.62 days and 54.04 days for silking. The first density also excelled in plant height (247.93) cm, stem height (147.57) cm, and number of effective leaves (13.43) leaf plant-1. The varieties differed significantly in field traits, as the Egyptian variety TW-78 was the earliest by giving it the least number of days to reach 50% tasseling and silking, while the Egyptian variety TW-345 excelled in plant height, ear height, and number of active leaves. The binary interaction (planting dates × plant density) did not appear significant in the mentioned traits, while the results showed the response of the varieties to delaying the planting dates from1st to 10th August for the mentioned traits with the exception of the number of effective leaves. The results showed the response of the varieties by increasing the plant density from 70 to 90 thousand plants per h-1 for the above-mentioned traits except for the ear height, while the triple interaction (planting dates × plant densities × varieties) showed significance for silking, ear height, and the number of effective leaves plant-1.

“…43.9%, for two traits of plant height and ear height. [11] noted in his study of some genetic parameters in the two locations of Baghdad and Diyala under three planting dates, that the genetic variance is higher than the environmental variance for most traits, and that the phenotypic variance coefficient is close to the genetic variance coefficient, and this indicates that the studied traits are genetically controlled and that the influence of environmental factors is small.The study aimed to estimate the genetic parameters and heritability of double crosses maize under planting dates suitable for fall season in Iraq.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Some Genetic Parameters of Double Crosses under Different Planting Dates Suitable to the Middle Region of Iraq

Brto,

Hadi

2023

With the aim of estimating some genetic parameters of double crosses at sowing dates appropriate to the fall season in the middle region of Iraq, a field experiment was conducted in the fields of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad - Al-Jadriya for the fall season 2022 using superior double crosses of maize were chosen from fifteen double crosses. It was obtained from the crossing of ten single crosses resulting from the crossing of five inbred lines (1=ZM43WIZE, 2=ZM60, 3= ZM49W3E, 4=ZM19, 5=CDCN5) by the half-dialle crossing method. Hybrids (3×5)(1×4),(3×5)(1×2),(2×4)(1×5), (4×5)(1×2), and (2×3)(1×4), compared it with the synthetic cultivar IPPA 5012 and tested it under three planting dates:1st July, 15th July and 1st August. The Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used with four replicates. The traits were studied: tassling, silking, plant height, ear height, number of leaves, leaf area, ear length, ear diameter, number of rows, number of grains per row, number of grains in a row, number of ears, average grain weight, dry matter weight, physiological maturity, ear weight, plant growth rate, individual plant yield, unit area yield, and. harvest Index. The results of the genetic analysis showed that the value of the standard error was low in all traits except for leaf area, number of plant seeds, and in the three dates, and the values of the coefficient of variation (C.V) on1st July were less than 20 in all traits except for individual plant yield, area unit yield, harvest index, and time. 15 th July and 1st August were also less than 20, and the values of genetic variance at the date of 1st July were greater than the values of environmental variance in most of the studied traits, except for ear height, ear length, ear diameter, number of rows, and ear weight. The ratio of genetic variation to environmental variation, as it was less than 1, and it had P.C.V values higher than G.C.V.The number of grains in the row, the weight of the dry matter, the physiological maturity and the plant growth rate due to the high genetic variance for it and the values of the ratio of genetic to environmental variance and then the high heritability values for it and on the date 1st August and the values of the genetic variance were greater than the values of the environmental variance in most of the studied traits.