Some features of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in the mouse

Interleukin-22 protects rat PC12 pheochromocytoma cells from serum deprivation-induced cell death

“…MPTP is one of the well-characterized neurotoxins responsible for the sudden onset of Parkinsonism-like symptoms in humans, monkeys, as well as mice [48][49][50]. We demonstrate that IL-22 reduces MPP ?…”

Zonisamide: Pharmacology and Clinical Efficacy in Epilepsy

“…In contrast to ZNS, CBZ, and sodium valproate (VPA) did not reduce infarction nor neurological deficits even at doses which were two to five times higher than their anticonvulsant doses (59 iii 600 - l-Methyl-4-phenyl-J ,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) causes irreversible destruction of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway. MPTP is used extensive ly in various mammalian species to produce a model of Parkinson's disease (23,24,33,40,45) . MPTP selectively causes a marked reduction of dopamine and elevation of dopamine turnover rate in the striatum of mice.…”

Cytoprotective effects of growth factors: BDNF more potent than GDNF in an organotypic culture model of Parkinson's disease

“…The etiology of PD is intimately linked to environmental toxins, as shown through epidemiological studies demonstrating a correlation between pesticides and PD (7-9), as well as by administration of neurotoxins leading to PD (73)(74)(75)(76)(77)79). However, the mechanism in which these toxins cause selective degeneration of dopaminergic cells in the SNpc remains unknown.…”

“…Since the discovery in the 1980s that MPTP causes parkinsonism in humans (73,74), non-human primates as well as various other mammalian species, this toxin has been extensively used as a model of PD (75)(76)(77). MPTP selectively targets dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc.…”

“…One of the main drawbacks of MPTP is its induction of highly variable results due to variable susceptibility rates with age, gender, strains and vendors (77,381,385,(388)(389)(390)(391). Furthermore, MPTP is associated with a high mortality rate, sometimes reaching 90%, which mainly can be attributed to cardiac failure from the systemic injections (385).…”