Some Factors That Affect Nitrate Accumulation in Forages<sup>1</sup>

Crawford, Ryan; Kennedy, W.K.; Johnson, William A.

doi:10.2134/agronj1961.00021962005300030010x

Cited by 58 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…All harvests in all years in the current study showed that nitrate concentration in crabgrass forage increased as nitrogen fertilization increased (P < 0.05). Other researchers have also found similar trends in a number of other cool-and warm-season grasses (5,11,13,15). Although splitting annual nitrogen applications for summer annual forages is widely advocated, little data are available to substantiate this practice (10).…”

Section: Month-yearmentioning

confidence: 84%

Nitrate Accumulation in Crabgrass as Impacted by Nitrogen Fertilization Rate and Application Timing

Teutsch

Tilson

2004

Forage grazinglands

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Crabgrass (Digitaria species) is a summer annual grass that could provide high quality grazing for ruminant livestock in the southeastern United States. However, the tendency of crabgrass to accumulate nitrate is unknown. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer rate and application timing on the nitrate concentration of crabgrass forage. Plots were established in late spring of 2001, 2002, and 2003 near Blackstone, VA and were harvested twice in 2001 and three times in 2002 and 2003. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with a factorial treatment arrangement and four replications. Nine N rates ranging from 0 to 400 lb/acre were applied in 50 lb intervals as a single application at seeding or as a split application, one‐half at seeding and one‐half after the first cutting. Nitrate accumulation in crabgrass increased with nitrogen fertilization rate (P< 0.05) and was greater during periods of moisture stress. First harvest nitrate accumulated to dangerous levels when more than 116 and 148 lb of N per acre were applied at seeding in 2001 and 2002, respectively. Excessive rainfall after seeding in 2003 resulted in lower nitrate concentrations in first and last harvest forage. In 2002, the addition of even small amounts of nitrogen after the first harvest resulted in significant nitrate accumulation and was likely related to below‐normal precipitation. Nitrate concentrations were lower by the last harvest, but the higher nitrogen rates still resulted in forage nitrate concentrations of approximately 10000 ppm in 2001 and 2002. Nitrate concentrations in crabgrass forage never exceeded the generally safe range (< 5000 ppm) when N at 50 lb/acre was applied at any single point in time. These findings support current recommendation for summer annual grasses of applying N at 60 to 80 lb/acre at seeding followed by N at 40 to 60 lb/acre after each harvest and suggest that crabgrass could be safely managed in a similar manner.

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Section: Month-yearmentioning

confidence: 84%

Nitrate Accumulation in Crabgrass as Impacted by Nitrogen Fertilization Rate and Application Timing

Teutsch

Tilson

2004

Forage grazinglands

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“…Since ammonium is rapidly nitrified to nitrate in most soils, fertiliser form might have little effect on nitrate accumulation (e.g., Crawford et al 1961;Peck et al 1971;Barker 1975). According to Maynard et al 1976), the longer the plant is in contact with nitrate the greater will be the level of nitrate accumulated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of fertilisers on vegetable production 2. Effects of nitrogen fertilisers on nitrogen content and nitrate accumulation of spinach and beetroot

Goh

Vityakon

1986

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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The effects of 5 different nitrogenous fertilisers (ammonium sulphate, ammonium sulphate + N-serve, potassium nitrate, poultry manure, and urea) each at 5 application rates (0, 150, 300, 450, or 600 kg N/ha) on the total nitrogen (N) and nitrate content of 2 varieties of spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.) and 1 variety of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) were evaluated in a pot experiment using Wakanui silt loam soil. The nitrification inhibitor, N-serve, was used to retard the microbial conversion of ammonium to nitrate. Total N and nitrate N generally increased with increasing rates of N applied. Potassium nitrate application resulted in the highest N uptake levels, and poultry manure application gave the lowest. N-serve depressed N uptake at 600 kg N/ha applied. Plants accumulated nitrate to a level potentially hazardous to health at only the highest rate (600 kg N/ha) of potassium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, and urea applied. Differences between the 2 varieties of spinach tested were not significant.

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“…The responses of herbage to nitrogen fertilizer depend on many factors (Crawford et al. 1961), among them, the source and rate of application of N and the interval between application and sampling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Fertilization on Rye Pasture: Effect on Forage Chemical Composition, Voluntary Intake, Digestibility and Rumen Degradation

Ferri¹,

Stritzler²,

Pagella³

2004

J Agronomy Crop Science

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The effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization of a rye pasture (Secale cereale L.) on the chemical composition of forage and its utilization in vivo and in situ were investigated in winter (W) and early spring (S). Half of the paddock to be assayed was spread with 93 kg urea-N ha )1 (treatment F), and the other half was not fertilized (treatment NF). Each experiment lasted for 17 days; apparent dry matter digestibility in vivo, voluntary dry matter intake (DMI) and digestible DMI were measured on nine rams per treatment. Two rumen cannulated animals per treatment were under the same feeding regime, and used to collect samples of rumen contents. The concentrations of ammonia (NH 3 ) and short-chain fatty acids and pH were measured in these samples. The offered forage was also incubated in the rumen of three Holstein-Friesian steers to estimate its degradation parameters in situ. Fertilization with N increased total N and decreased dry matter (DM) and non-structural carbohydrate concentrations in both periods. DMI was reduced by fertilization. The rumen concentrations of NH 3 were higher in F than in NF in both periods. In both periods, the effective DM degradability of forage was higher in F than in NF. N fertilization affects chemical composition, voluntary intake and rumen digestion of forage from rye pasture.

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Some Factors That Affect Nitrate Accumulation in Forages¹

Cited by 58 publications

References 5 publications

Nitrate Accumulation in Crabgrass as Impacted by Nitrogen Fertilization Rate and Application Timing

Nitrate Accumulation in Crabgrass as Impacted by Nitrogen Fertilization Rate and Application Timing

Effects of fertilisers on vegetable production 2. Effects of nitrogen fertilisers on nitrogen content and nitrate accumulation of spinach and beetroot

Nitrogen Fertilization on Rye Pasture: Effect on Forage Chemical Composition, Voluntary Intake, Digestibility and Rumen Degradation

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Some Factors That Affect Nitrate Accumulation in Forages1

Cited by 58 publications

References 5 publications

Nitrate Accumulation in Crabgrass as Impacted by Nitrogen Fertilization Rate and Application Timing

Nitrate Accumulation in Crabgrass as Impacted by Nitrogen Fertilization Rate and Application Timing

Effects of fertilisers on vegetable production 2. Effects of nitrogen fertilisers on nitrogen content and nitrate accumulation of spinach and beetroot

Nitrogen Fertilization on Rye Pasture: Effect on Forage Chemical Composition, Voluntary Intake, Digestibility and Rumen Degradation

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Some Factors That Affect Nitrate Accumulation in Forages¹