Some factors modulating the strength of resurgence after extinction of an instrumental behavior

Winterbauer, Neil E.; Lucke, Sara; Bouton, Mark E.

doi:10.1016/j.lmot.2012.03.003

Cited by 68 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…4) in which groups that experienced lengthier extinction plus alternative reinforcement showed less resurgence than did a group that experienced only three sessions of extinction plus alternative reinforcement. On the other hand, a recent failure to replicate the findings of Leitenberg et al was reported by Winterbauer, Lucke, and Bouton (2013). This discrepancy will be addressed in the General Discussion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

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Behavioral momentum and resurgence: Effects of time in extinction and repeated resurgence tests

Sweeney

Shahan

2013

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Resurgence is an increase in a previously extinguished operant response that occurs if an alternative reinforcement introduced during extinction is removed. Shahan and Sweeney (2011) developed a quantitative model of resurgence based on behavioral momentum theory that captures existing data well and predicts that resurgence should decrease as time in extinction and exposure to the alternative reinforcement increases. Two experiments tested this prediction. The data from Experiment 1 suggested that without a return to baseline, resurgence decreases with increased exposure to alternative reinforcement and to extinction of the target response. Experiment 2 tested the predictions of the model across two conditions, one with constant alternative reinforcement for five sessions, and the other with alternative reinforcement removed three times. In both conditions, the alternative reinforcement was removed for the final test session. Experiment 2 again demonstrated a decrease in relapse across repeated resurgence tests. Furthermore, comparably little resurgence was observed at the same time point in extinction in the final test, despite dissimilar previous exposures to alternative reinforcement removal. The quantitative model provided a good description of the observed data in both experiments. More broadly, these data suggest that increased exposure to extinction may be a successful strategy to reduce resurgence. The relationship between these data and existing tests of the effect of time in extinction on resurgence is discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Some recent data, however, are challenging for the effect of length of extinction on subsequent resurgence across groups. Winterbauer et al (2013, Exp. 2) compared groups that received four, 12, or 36 sessions of extinction plus alternative reinforcement and found no significant differences in subsequent resurgence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral momentum and resurgence: Effects of time in extinction and repeated resurgence tests

Sweeney

Shahan

2013

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“…Different groups received either consistent sucrose pellets or an unpredictable mixture of sucrose and grain pellets. If anything, the present sucrose pellets are weakly preferred to the present grain pellets (Bouton et al, 2013; Winterbauer, Lucke, & Bouton, 2013). As a result, any demonstration of increased responding for the mixture of grain and sucrose pellets over sucrose pellets alone would provide a compelling demonstration of the variety effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Effects of inter-food interval on the variety effect in an instrumental food-seeking task. Clarifying the role of habituation

2015

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Food variety increases consumption and the rate of instrumental behavior that is reinforced by food in humans and animals. The present experiment investigated the relationship between the variety effect and habituation to food by testing the role of the interval between successive food presentations on responding in an operant food-seeking task. Habituation to food was expected at short, but not long, interfood intervals. The effects of variety on food’s long-term reinforcing value were also tested. Four groups of rats were trained to lever-press on different random-interval (RI) schedules of reinforcement to earn 45-mg food pellets. Half the rats in each group received an unpredictable mix of grain and sucrose pellets, while the other half consistently received sucrose pellets. Response rate began at a high rate and then decreased within each 30-min session for groups that received short inter-pellet intervals (i.e., RI-3 s and RI-6 s reinforcement schedules) but not in groups that received longer inter-pellet intervals (i.e., RI-12 s and RI-24 s). A variety effect in the form of higher responding in the mix group than the sucrose-only group was also only evident at the shorter intervals. Habituation and variety effects were also most evident with the short intervals when we controlled for the number of reinforcers earned, suggesting that they were not merely due to rapid satiation. The variety effect also appeared quickly when groups trained with longer inter-pellet intervals (RI-12 s and RI-24 s) were transitioned to shorter intervals (RI-3 s and RI-6 s). There was no effect of variety on resistance to extinction or on resistance to the response-suppressing effects of pre-session feeding. The results more clearly link this version of the variety effect to the short-term effect of variety on food habituation.

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“…Although there is no record of the number of reinforcers contingent to each sequence in this phase, S1 with high probability, being the most frequent sequence, is likely to have received more reinforcers than S1 with low probability (the less frequent). This may have favored the reappearance of S1 in the Testing Phase (Winterbauer, Lucke & Bouton, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaparecimento de sequências com diferentes números de respostas em contextos de extinção e de variação

Abreu‐Rodrigues

2016

Psic.: Teor. e Pesq.

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-The reappearance of a response previously extinguished when an alternative response no longer produces reinforcers is called resurgence. The effects of three variables on the reappearance of response sequences -sequence probability (high and low), context of test (extinction and operant variation) and number of responses per sequence (three and five responses) -were investigated. Sequences with high probability reappeared more often than sequences with low probability, the reappearance of the target sequence was more frequent under extinction than under variation, and the reappearance of the target sequence varied inversely with the number of responses by sequence. The reappearance of the target sequence was not conceptualized as resurgence because its frequency was lower than that of the control sequences.Keywords: resurgence, sequence probability, context of test, number of responses per sequence, humans. Reaparecimento de Sequências com Diferentes Números de Respostas em Contextos de Extinção e de VariaçãoRESUMO -O reaparecimento de uma resposta previamente extinta quando os reforços para uma resposta alternativa são descontinuados é denominado ressurgência. Foram investigados os efeitos de três variáveis sobre o reaparecimento de sequências de respostas: probabilidade da sequência (alta e baixa), contexto de teste (extinção e variação operante) e número de respostas por sequência (três e cinco). Sequências muito prováveis reapareceram mais frequentemente que sequências pouco prováveis; o reaparecimento da sequência alvo foi mais frequente no contexto de extinção do que de variação; e o reaparecimento da sequência alvo variou inversamente ao número de respostas por sequência. O reaparecimento da sequência alvo, entretanto, não foi conceitualizado como ressurgência, uma vez que sua frequência foi menor que a das sequências controle.Palavras-chave: ressurgência, probabilidade da sequência, contexto de teste, número de respostas por sequência, humanos.

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Some factors modulating the strength of resurgence after extinction of an instrumental behavior

Cited by 68 publications

References 34 publications

Behavioral momentum and resurgence: Effects of time in extinction and repeated resurgence tests

Behavioral momentum and resurgence: Effects of time in extinction and repeated resurgence tests

Effects of inter-food interval on the variety effect in an instrumental food-seeking task. Clarifying the role of habituation

Reaparecimento de sequências com diferentes números de respostas em contextos de extinção e de variação

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