Some Factors Influencing the Prevalence of Gairdia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica in a Sample of Patients in North of Baghdad

Abstract

Different factors were examined related with the prevalence of Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica infections in population live north of Baghdad which were (seasonal tendency, travelling history and source of drinking water) during the period April 2009 till the end of March 2010. The study revealed that the total rate of parasitic protozoan infection (G.lamblia and E. histolytica) was (15.33%) , the infectiion rate of G.lamblia was higher than the infection rate of E.histolytica as their rates were (11.66%) and (3.66%) respectively.There was high significant relation (p≤0.05) between infection rate of these parasites and both of drinking water and travelling status of the patient , high infection rate of (G.lamblia and E.histolytica) was observed in patients who drunk tab water and patients with travelling history,while the minimum infection rate was seen in patients who drunk the other types of drinking water (boiled, filtered and bottled) and patients with no travelling history.Finally the peak of Giardia and E.histolytica positive rates were seen in June 2009 (20%) and July 2009 (9.67%) respectively, while the minimum positive rate was seen in January 2010(1.85%) and November 2009 (1.61%) respectively. Statistical analysis using Person Correlation (r) illustrated that there was positively significant association (p≤0.05) between temperature and each of Giardia lamblia and E.histolytica infection, while there was significant negative association between number of rainfall per month and each of Giardia and E.histolytica infections.

Knowledge and awareness towards Cryptosporidiosis in Baghdad

“…Among all items of general knowledge part, item 3"the disease occurred in human and some animals "showed high percentage (83.77%) of true response while item 10 "the disease found in our country" and item 6 " Sign and Symptoms of the dieses appear after 2-15 days" showed the lower percentages of true response which were (64.65%) and (63.51%) respectively. this low percentage may due to the following : the limitation of medical data base deal with this disease in Iraqi official websites (Universities , Ministry of health , Ministry of higher education and some researches institutes) ,not all of the Iraqi medical and scientific journal are available on the internet although there were several studies deal with cryptosporidiosis in Iraq [4,5,6,7,8,9] , limitation of mass media (such as television, radio, magazine, and newspaper) programs that deal with this disease in our country although some articles suggested that mass media, are not a very important source of information for some parasitic disease [13,14] , while the low percentages showed in item 6 because the clinical and epidemiologic significance of various Cryptosporidium species and genotypes in humans is not yet clear [15]. Results also showed significant differences (p< 0.05) between three groups in all items of general knowledge part except item 7 "the major clinical symptoms is diarrhea" , because diarrhea is the symptom of most gastrointestinal parasites such as Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica [16] .…”

“…In Iraq, however there is several epidemiological studies deal with Cryptosporidiosis [4,5,6,7,8,9], It has been suggested, but not documented, that medical persons are generally unaware of this disease as well as a literature search has revealed no data about the degree of awareness about Cryptosporidium infections among Iraqis. So the aim of this study is to assess some medical person awareness of cryptosporidiosis and knowledge of some topics deal with this disease.…”

“…Results showed that there were no significant differences (p < 0.05) between male and female in awareness towards cryptosporidiosis , the percentage of weak , acceptable , moderate , good very good grade were higher in male when it comparing with male except the excellent grade which was higher in female when comparing with female (table 7). Nowadays both male and female have the same chance in learning and working [8] so the awareness towards infectious agent may not be varied very much between genders , these result was agreed with the study of (Unnikrishnan et al ,2008) [24] who showed that awareness towards malaria was not found to vary significantly with gender , while other paper showed that the males had higher levels of literacy than females [13]. 8) illustrated the differences in grade between the three groups of the study, group 3 (students) showed high percentage in each weak (16.84%) , acceptable (12.63%) and moderate (29.47%) grade of response , while group 2 (teaching staff) showed high percentage in both good (48.88%) and excellent (6.66%) grade of response , while group 1 (Physicians) showed high percentage in very good (18.75%) grade , statistical analysis showed no significant differences (p < 0.05) between the three groups in their degree of awareness towards cryptosporidiosis.…”

“…AL-Warid ‫ةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةة‬ ‫مجلة‬ ‫ملحق‬ ‫سبعون‬ ‫و‬ ‫ع‬ ‫عدد‬ 2012 62 chlorination and common household disinfectants, ability to pass through physical water treatment processes, and survive long periods in the environment. Humans can acquire Cryptosporidium infections through several transmission routes, such as direct contact with infected persons or animals, and ingestion of contaminated food (food borne transmission) and water (waterborne transmission) [3].In Iraq, however there is several epidemiological studies deal with Cryptosporidiosis [4,5,6,7,8,9], It has been suggested, but not documented, that medical persons are generally unaware of this disease as well as a literature search has revealed no data about the degree of awareness about Cryptosporidium infections among Iraqis. So the aim of this study is to assess some medical person awareness of cryptosporidiosis and knowledge of some topics deal with this disease.…”

The prevalence of anemia among children infected with Entamoeba histolytica in Baghdad

“…E. histolytica are often spread by contaminated food and/or drinking water and possibly from person to person through fecal oral contact [17]. Many papers reported different prevalence rates of E. histolytica in Iraq [18,19],but little is known about its relation to anemia, especially in children. The aim of this study was to determine the possible correlation between anemia and parasitic intestinal infection with E.histolytica.…”