Some Factors Influencing Cone Production on Young Black Spruce in New Brunswick

Abstract

Ten young black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) plantations in northern and central New Brunswick were examined to determine the influence of aspect, slope, tree age and tree height on pollen-cone and seed-cone production. It was found that a greater proportion of trees growing on southerly aspects produced pollen cones and seed cones than trees growing on northerly aspects. Trees growing on southerly aspects bore 2.5 and 5 times more seed cones and pollen cones, respectively, than trees growing on northerly aspects. Cone production on south-sloping sites was approximately double that on level sites. The number of seed cones was most significantly correlated with tree height. The number of pollen cones was most significantly correlated with number of seed cones.

Enhancing the Resilience of a Mediterranean Forest to Extreme Drought Events and Climate Change: Pinus—Tetraclinis Forests in Europe

“…Indeed, the number of reproductive specimens significantly increased only one year after the experiment. Increased production is a pattern previously observed in conifers exposed to direct solar irradiation [14,15]. Observed variations in the reproductive behavior curve after the experiment suggest that specimens with a diameter of 10-15 cm were activated from reproductive dormancy.…”

“…The role of solar irradiation in conifers reproduction has been studied extensively. Within the same population, trees located in areas of high light exposure tend to produce more cones than others [14,15]. Whereas, those located in shaded areas or closed stands may have low or even no production [16,17].…”

Climate influences on growth and reproduction of Pinus banksiana (Pinaceae) at the limit of the species distribution in eastern North America

“…In jack pine, male cones are initiated during the summer, but female cones differentiate at the end of the growing season (Moore and Nozzolillo, 1991); a slightly longer growing season might thus have a great impact on female cone initiation in the subarctic. Cone bud initiation of different conifer species in a variety of environments has been correlated with high temperatures (Maguire, 1956;Daubenmire, 1960;Lester, 1967;van Vredenburch and la Bastide, 1969;Kleinschmidt, Schmidt, and Hosenfeld, 1980;Simpson and Powell, 1981), low precipitation (Ebell, 1967;Rehfeld, Stage, and Bingham, 1971;Shoulders, 1973), and water stress associated with the combination of the two above factors (Yanagihara, Tochiaki, and Arai, 1960;Fraser, 1962;Caron and Powell, 1989b;Woodward et al, 1994). We also found a negative, though not sig- a P values, in parentheses, shown only for correlations significant at P Յ 0.1; correlations significant at P Ͻ 0.05 shown in boldface.…”

Control of the first flowering in forest trees

“…That was clearly indicated for birch, where the attainment of maturity was obviously connected with a certain size of seedling rather than with the number of growing cycles passed (Longman & Wareing 1959). Simpson & Powell (1981) noticed that black spruce {Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.)…”