Some factors affecting the prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi in camels in Mauritania

Dia, Mamadou Lamine; Diop, Cheikh; Aminetou, M.; Jacquiet, P.; Thiam, A.

doi:10.1016/s0304-4017(97)00054-x

Cited by 47 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This did not seem to be due to farmers' unwillingness to allow their animals to be sampled, although this has been reported as a problem in other areas (Diall et al, 1993;Dia et al, 1997). The fact that farmers in this study allowed even young animals to be sampled (three were less than 1 week, two were 2 months old and three were 3 months old) is an indication of their willingness to participate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…The small sample size may be due to farmers' reluctance to bring large numbers of animals to one site perhaps because of risk of theft. Parasitological prevalences of 5.6% (Delafosse and Doutoum, 2004) and 11.5% (Oyieke, 2003) have been considered as indicative of high levels of infection with T. evansi, as have serological prevalences of 11% (Pacholek et al, 2000), 16% (Dia et al, 1997) and 35.5-43.5% Rami et al, 2003), using CATT. In relation to these results, our findings of a parasitological prevalence of 18% and a seroprevalence of 46% suggest a very high level of T. evansi infection in the province of Oudalan, Burkina Faso.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most important diseases are sarcoptic mange, caused by Sarcoptes scabei var. cameli, and trypanosomosis, due to T. evansi (Dia et al, , 1997Alhendi, 2000;Pacholek et al, 2000;Sena et al, 2000;Bekele, 2002;Atarhouch et al, 2003;Oyieke, 2003;Rami et al, 2003;Delafosse and Doutoum, 2004). In some countries hydatid cysts have also been found in high levels in camels (Al Rawashdeh et al, 2000;Ogunsan et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Parasites of the camel in Burkina Faso

Dia

2006

Trop Anim Health Prod

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Parasites of the camel in Burkina Faso

Dia

2006

Trop Anim Health Prod

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“…Several of these serological tests have been used successfully in water bu¡alo (Davison et al, 1999;Holland et al, 2002) and camels (Dia et al, 1997). Except for limited ¢eld trials with CATT/T.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Diagnostic Tests for Trypanosoma evansi in Experimentally Infected Pigs and Subsequent Use in Field Surveys in North Vietnam and Thailand

Holland

Thanh

et al. 2005

Trop Anim Health Prod

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This study is concerned with the evaluation of established diagnostic tests for diagnosis of Trypanosoma evansi in pigs. The immune trypanolysis test (TL), card agglutination test (CATT), latex agglutination test (LATEX), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), microhaematocrit centrifugation technique (MHCT) and mouse inoculation (MI) tests were initially evaluated in experimentally infected fattening pigs. All infected pigs were confirmed parasitologically positive with both MHCT and MI. Results of the serological assays indicated that the TL could be a reference test for the presence of RoTat 1.2 antibodies in pigs. The results of the CATT and LATEX were inconsistent with the TL while the ELISA results correlated with the TL results. The four serological assays were subsequently used in two field surveys in Vietnam and Thailand. Results of the two agglutination assays (CATT and LATEX) were not consistent and did not correlate with TL results. The ELISA at percentage positivity of 22 appeared to have good ability to discriminate between seropositive and seronegative animals. Of the 437 samples collected at smallholder pig premises in northern Vietnam, no positive pigs were detected with the TL test. In Thailand, 77 samples were collected from five farrowing farms with a history of surra. Two parasitologically positive sows were found and on each farm seropositive sows were detected.

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“…Thus, the epidemiology of surra in Africa is mainly governed by camel infections. The latter are seasonal because the vectors' activity is seasonal and the disease is expressed seasonally, at times when animals are exposed to stress from overwork, food shortages, and/or insufficient or poor quality water [77]. For example, in Mauritania, by using CATT and IFAT blood smears, it was shown that T. evansi infection was widespread in the country, with an overall prevalence of 1.3% by parasitological detection.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Trypanosoma evansiand Surra: A Review and Perspectives on Transmission, Epidemiology and Control, Impact, and Zoonotic Aspects

Desquesnes

Dargantes

Lai

et al. 2013

BioMed Research International

226

261

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This paper reviews the transmission modes of Trypanosoma evansi. Its worldwide distribution is attributed to mechanical transmission. While the role of tabanids is clear, we raise questions on the relative role of Haematobia sp. and the possible role of Stomoxys sp. in delayed transmission. A review of the available trypanocidal drugs and their efficacy in various host species is useful for understanding how they interact in disease epidemiology, which is complex. Although there are similarities with other mechanically transmitted trypanosomes, T. evansi has a more complex epidemiology due to the diversity of its hosts and vectors. The impact of clinical and subclinical disease is difficult to establish. A model was developed for buffaloes in the Philippines, which could be transferred to other places and livestock systems. Since Trypanosoma evansi was reported in humans, further research is required to investigate its zoonotic potential. Surra remains a potentially emerging disease that is a threat to Australia, Spain, and France. A number of questions about the disease have yet to be resolved. This brief review of the basic knowledge of T. evansi suggests that there is renewed interest in the parasite, which is spreading and has a major economic impact.

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Some factors affecting the prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi in camels in Mauritania

Cited by 47 publications

References 10 publications

Parasites of the camel in Burkina Faso

Parasites of the camel in Burkina Faso

Evaluation of Diagnostic Tests for Trypanosoma evansi in Experimentally Infected Pigs and Subsequent Use in Field Surveys in North Vietnam and Thailand

Trypanosoma evansiand Surra: A Review and Perspectives on Transmission, Epidemiology and Control, Impact, and Zoonotic Aspects

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