Some factors affecting the level of vitamin D in the blood of sheep

Quarterman, J.; Dalgarno, A.; Adam, Agnes

doi:10.1079/bjn19640008

Cited by 21 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Considering therefore that the difference in 25vitD status between the groups was not caused by a different degradation and the husbandry conditions and the feeding were identical for all groups, the difference must have been caused by the production with irradiation of the skin. These findings are in line with previous studies that showed a better vitD status in sheep exposed to UVB irradiation (Quarterman et al, 1964;Smith and Wright, 1980;Hidiroglou and Karpinski, 1989;Kovács et al, 2015) and show evidence of the parallelism to the endogenous vitD production in dairy cows (Hymøller et al, 2009;Jensen, 2010, 2012;Hymøller et al, 2017). Also, the lower content of 7DHC in the skin of the irradiated animals compared with the control group supports our hypothesis.…”

Section: Mnsupporting

confidence: 93%

Vitamin D status in growing dairy goats and sheep: Influence of ultraviolet B radiation on bone metabolism and calcium homeostasis

Nemeth

Wilkens

Liesegang

2017

Journal of Dairy Science

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The aim of this study was to investigate how controlled UVB irradiation in combination with reduced nutritional vitamin D (vitD) supply affects vitD status and Ca metabolism of growing goats and sheep. The hypothesis was that, like dairy cows, goats and sheep are able to compensate for the missing nutritional supply of vitD through endogenous production in the skin, with the consequence of a high vitD status and a balanced Ca homeostasis. Sixteen lambs and 14 goat kids aged 3 and a half months were housed in an UVB free environment and fed hay and a vitD-free concentrate over a period of 13 wk. One group of each species was exposed to UVB lamps daily during individual feeding; the other groups served as controls. Serum, urine, and feces samples were taken at the start and at a monthly interval. Serum was analyzed for vitD metabolites, bone markers, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor I, Ca, and P. Apparent digestibility and urinary excretion of Ca and P were determined. The left metatarsus was analyzed by peripheral quantitative computer tomography for bone mineral density before starting and at the end of the trial. In wk 13, all animals were slaughtered and samples of skin, rumen, duodenum, kidney, and bone (metatarsus) were collected. Content of sterols of vitD synthesis in the skin, Ca flux rates in rumen and duodenum, expression of vitD receptor in duodenum and kidney, renal and intestinal gene expression of Ca transport proteins, and renal enzymes related to vitD metabolism were determined. The UVB exposure led to lower 7-dehydrocholesterol content in the skin and a better vitD status (higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D), but no signs of vitD deficiency were seen in the control groups and no effect of irradiation was detected in the analyzed parameters of Ca homeostasis. Differences between the 2 species were detected: lambs had a higher increase of bone mineral density, lower values of bone markers, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor I in serum and higher tachysterol and lower lumisterol content in skin compared with goat kids. The results indicated that growing lambs and goat kids are able to compensate for a vitD-reduced diet by cutaneous vitD synthesis when exposed to UVB irradiation and therefore to keep a high vitD status. In contrast, when a reduced vitD diet is combined with missing UVB exposure, the vitD status drops, but the experimental time was probably too short to induce a vitD deficiency or an effect on Ca homeostasis.

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Section: Mnsupporting

confidence: 93%

Vitamin D status in growing dairy goats and sheep: Influence of ultraviolet B radiation on bone metabolism and calcium homeostasis

Nemeth

Wilkens

Liesegang

2017

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…In the present study, only 25VitD concentration increased in the HA group, but 1,25VitD concentration increased at only one time‐point. Serum 25VitD level is the best indicator for VitD supply (Quarterman et al., 1964).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of high‐altitude grazing on bone metabolism of growing sheep

Liesegang

Hüttenmoser

Risteli

et al. 2011

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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The objective of this study was to identify the effect of high alpine grazing, associated with varying pasture grass qualities and more pronounced exercise on typically steep slopes, on bone metabolism by improving bone density and enhancing bone turnover in growing sheep. Twenty-four 5-month-old sheep were randomly assigned to two groups. One group was kept at high altitude (HA; 2000-2200 m a.s.l.) for 3 months, and the other group (C; control) remained in the lowlands (400 m a.s.l.). Both groups were kept in grazing pastures with access to good-quality swards. Before the start of the experiment, blood samples were taken, the sheep were weighed, and the left metatarsus of each animal was analysed by quantitative computer tomography. After 1 month, blood samples were taken and body weight was measured, followed by biweekly sampling. Finally, the animals were slaughtered, and the bones were collected for analysis of various bone parameters. Body weight development did not differ between the groups. Concentrations of 25-OH-Vitamin D, carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen and activities of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase were always higher in the HA group than in the C group, except on the last two sampling dates. Bone mineral content and density increased in both groups during the experiment, but more intensively in the HA group. In addition, the cortical thickness of the HA group increased. The present study demonstrates an increase in bone turnover and mineral content of the bones of the growing sheep grazing in high alpine pastures. The factors associated with HA grazing, therefore, clearly seem to improve bone composition.

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“…When vitamin D is given intramuscularly in oil, it is released very slowly and, compared with oral administration, is inefficient in the healing of rickets (Brown & Sturtevant, 1949). Oil depots of 0 -j mg cholecalciferol in chickens were absorbed slowly over 7 months (Bots, 19 57) and the level of vitamin D in the blood of sheep given a single intramuscular injection of 25 mg cholecalciferol in oil was elevated for 5 months afterwards (Quaterman, Dalgarno & Adam, 1964). I n this present experiment an oily injection of free and esterified [ ~-~H]cholecalciferol enabled the metabolism of very small amounts that were continuously released to be compared with the metabolism of a relatively large single dose given intravenously.…”

Section: Metabolic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The metabolism and biological activity of esterified vitamin D in the rat

Fraser

Kodíček

1969

Br J Nutr

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I . [~-~H]Cholecalciferol and [1-~H]cholecalcifero1 palmitate in amounts equivalent to z pg cholecalciferol were injected into rachitic rats as aqueous preparations (intravenously) or in arachis oil (intramuscularly). 2.The radioactive faecal metabolites collected for up to 17 days were fractionated according to their polarity. The same pattern of excreted radioactivity was seen with intravenous and intramuscular cholecalciferol and intravenous cholecalciferol palmitate. Intramuscular cholecalciferol palmitate produced a higher proportion of the most polar metabolites in faeces.3. Parenterally administered cholecalciferol palmitate in a rickets-healing biological assay had activity equivalent to unesterified cholecalciferol. Evidence has been presented that fatty acid esters of vitamin D are formed in the rat by enzymes with low specificity for the vitamin (Fraser & Kodicek, 1968~) and that these esters remain in tissues while vitamin D alcohol is metabolized and excreted (Fraser & Kodicek, 1968b). However, it is not apparent whether the esterified vitamin is available to the vitamin D-requiring processes in the animal. To investigate this point an examination was made of the metabolic fate and utilization of parenterally administered synthetic vitamin D ester. I n one experiment the faecal radioactivity was measured after paren teral injection of [I -3H]cholecalciferol palmitate. Another experiment compared the biological activities of free and esterified vitamin D.

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Some factors affecting the level of vitamin D in the blood of sheep

Cited by 21 publications

References 22 publications

Vitamin D status in growing dairy goats and sheep: Influence of ultraviolet B radiation on bone metabolism and calcium homeostasis

Vitamin D status in growing dairy goats and sheep: Influence of ultraviolet B radiation on bone metabolism and calcium homeostasis

Influence of high‐altitude grazing on bone metabolism of growing sheep

The metabolism and biological activity of esterified vitamin D in the rat

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