Some factors affecting SPME analysis and PAHs in Philadelphia's urban waterways

Cheng, Xianhao; Forsythe, Jennifer; Peterkin, Earl

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2013.02.006

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Because all the PAHs under study are hydrophobic (Log Kow > 4), it was confirmed that presence of NaCl reduced the analyte extraction. Similar results were obtained by other authors using PDMS in both SBSE 4,12 and SPME 9 , where the addition of NaCl decreased the recovery of the PAHs studied. Consequently further experiments were performed in absence of salt.…”

Section: Influence Of the Addition Of Nacl And Methanolsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The LODs of the present method are comparable with other microextraction techniques, except when thermal desorption was used instead solvent desorption. Regarding rapidity in sample preparation, the present method is one of the faster methodologies, which is comparable with SPME when this technique was coupled to microwave assisted heating 24 or conventional heating 9 . Finally RDSE is more economical, considering the disk configuration if easily fabricated in the laboratory.…”

Section: Determination Of Pahs In Real Samplesmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In this context, to guarantee the quality of drinking water, EU Directive proposes, inter alia, the evaluation of five PAHs establishing the maximum concentration limits 8 . Different modern analytical methods have been described for the extraction of PAHs in liquid samples, among them solid-phase microextraction (SPME) 6,9,10 , solid-phase extraction (SPE) 11 and stir-bar-sorptive extraction (SBSE) 3,4,7,12 have been described. These modern techniques have the advantage over the conventional extraction methods in terms of solvent usage and removal time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Extraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons From Water Samples Into a Rotating-Disk Microextractor and the Subsequent Determination by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Corrotea

Sánchez

Rubio

et al. 2014

J. Chil. Chem. Soc.

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The rotating disk sorptive extraction (RDSE) technique was applied in this study to the extraction of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in real water samples. The sorptive and desorptive behavior of the analytes were studied by using a rotating disk coated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) on one of its surfaces. The optimal conditions for extractions of all analytes were: rotational velocity of the disk: 1250 rpm; sample volume: 20 mL; matrix modifier: 20 % MeOH and extraction time: 30 min. A desorption time of 10 min at 1250 rpm was used for the analytes using 5 mL of methanol. PAHs were measured in the extract by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Under these conditions, recoveries ranging from 84 to 100 % were obtained in drinking water enriched with the analytes, and the precision, expressed as relative standard deviation, was between 2 and 20%. The detection limit of the method was between 8 and 115 ng L -1 depending on the analyte. The method was applied to the analysis of water samples obtained from a lagoon in Curauma, Chile, obtaining quantitative recoveries.

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Section: Influence Of the Addition Of Nacl And Methanolsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Determination Of Pahs In Real Samplesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Extraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons From Water Samples Into a Rotating-Disk Microextractor and the Subsequent Determination by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Corrotea

Sánchez

Rubio

et al. 2014

J. Chil. Chem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…After removal from the refrigerator, samples were analyzed within 24 hours. Method for the analysis was described previously with quality assurance/ quality control (QA/QC) information (Cheng et al, 2013). Briefly, in each analytical sequence, a lab reagent blank was analyzed after fiber blanks to ensure the background was below detection limits, and continuing calibration standard (0.5 lg/L) was analyzed to ensure the designated criteria were met.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A 1.5-mL sample was piped into a 2-mL autosampler vial with a 2-mL graduated pipette (KIMAX-51, USA). Samples in aqueous phase were analyzed with the method described by Cheng et al (2013). In addition to the 15 PAHs in U.S. EPA's priority list, 14 alkylated PAHs, 2-methylnaphthalene (2-MNaP); 1-methylnaphthalene (1-MNaP); 2-ethylnaphthalene (2-ENaP); 1-ethylnaphthalene (1-ENaP); isopropyl naphthalene (IPNaP); 1,3-dimethylnaphthalene (1,3-DNaP); 1,2-dimethylthylnaphthalene (1,2-DNaP); 1,8-dimethylnaphthalene (1,8-DNaP); 2,3,5-trimethylnaphthalene (2,3,5-TMaP); 1-methylfluorene (1-MFlu); 2-methylanthracene (2-MAnt); 2-(tert-butyl)anthracene (2-(t-b)Ant); and 9,10-dimethylnaphthalene (9,10-DNaP) were also added to porewater analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeochemical Approaches to Assess PAH Pollution in an Urban Waterway

Cheng

Forsythe²,

Peterkin³

2015

Water Environment Research

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Biogeochemical approaches were applied to enhance the study on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollution in an urban waterway. Chemical characterizations of PAHs in the studied area were identified, geochemical factors were revealed, and related mechanisms were discussed. It was found that, during summer, an early diagenetic process in the sediment could play a major role for the existence of high PAH concentrations, especially high molecular weight PAHs (≥ 4 rings), in the water column and sediment porewater. This effect could vary with tidal cycling, and higher PAH concentration in the water column would be expected during low tide. Other potential pollution sources were also evaluated in the studied creek. Results showed that pyrogenic sources dominated in the creek, generally. Nevertheless, petroleum products from a metal recycling plant could be an important point source to the waterway during wet weather. Comparing with previous studies in other waterways of the same watershed and published literature suggested that the limited toxicity to the ecosystem was only detected in sediments. More information needs to be collected during low tide for a more objective evaluation of PAH toxicity in the creek.

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PAL SPME Arrow—evaluation of a novel solid-phase microextraction device for freely dissolved PAHs in water

2015

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After more than 25 years, solid-phase microextraction (SPME) has gained widespread acceptance as a well-automatable and flexible microextraction technique, while its instrumental basis remained mostly unchanged. The novel PAL (Prep And Load solution) SPME Arrow combines the advantages of SPME with the benefits of extraction techniques providing larger sorption phase volumes such as stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE). It thereby avoids the inherent drawbacks of both techniques such as limitations in method automation in the case of SBSE, as well as the small sorption phase volumes and the lacking fiber robustness of classical SPME fibers. This new design is based on a robust stainless steel backbone, carrying, the screw connection to the PAL sampler, the enlarged sorption phase, and an arrow-shaped tip for conservative penetration of septa (hence the name). An outer capillary encloses this phase apart from enrichment and desorption processes and rests against the tip during transfer and penetrations, resulting in a homogeneously closed device. Here, we present an evaluation and a comparison of the novel PAL SPME Arrow with classical SPME fibers, extracting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as model analytes, from the freely dissolved fraction in lab water and groundwater via direct immersion using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as common sorption phase material. Limits of detection, repeatabilities, and extraction yields were determined for the PAL SPME Arrow and compared to data of classical SPME fibers and SBSE bars. Results indicate a significant benefit in extraction efficiency due to the larger sorption phase volume. It is accompanied by faultless mechanical robustness and thus better reliability, especially in case of prolonged, unattended, and automated operation. As an exemplary application, the water-soluble fraction of PAHs and derivatives in a roofing felt sample was quantified.Graphical AbstractPicture of a PAL SPME Arrow during extraction of a stirred water sampleElectronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00216-015-9187-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Some factors affecting SPME analysis and PAHs in Philadelphia's urban waterways

Cited by 23 publications

References 25 publications

Extraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons From Water Samples Into a Rotating-Disk Microextractor and the Subsequent Determination by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Extraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons From Water Samples Into a Rotating-Disk Microextractor and the Subsequent Determination by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Biogeochemical Approaches to Assess PAH Pollution in an Urban Waterway

PAL SPME Arrow—evaluation of a novel solid-phase microextraction device for freely dissolved PAHs in water

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