Some Factors Affecting Losses of Ammonia From Urea and Ammonium Sulphate Applied to Soils

Gasser, J. K. R.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1964.tb02224.x

Cited by 79 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…Simulated ammonia volatilization decreased markedly with cation exchange capacity. The same tendency observed in the experiments was reported (Gasser, 1964;Martin and Chapman, 1951;Fenn and Kissel, 1976).…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Model By Experimental Datasupporting

confidence: 89%

“…It also depends on a number of external factors such as soil temperature, rate of fertilizer application and a particular agrotechnical procedure. Detailed studies provided information about the effect of each of the above parameters (Gasser, 1964;Martin and Chapman, 1951;Mills et al, 1974, Fenn andKissel, 1976;van Veen, 1977;Freney et al, 1987;Vlek et al, 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Model of ammonia volatilization from calcareous soils

et al. 1987

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A quantitative model of ammonia volatilization from the calcareous soil uppermost 1-cm layer was developed and tested. The model accounts for the following processes: ammonium-ammonia equilibration in the soil solution, cation exchange between calcium and ammonium which results in ammonium distribution between soil liquid and solid phases, nitrification of dissolved ammonium, distribution of ammonia between liquid and gaseous phases and diffusion of gaseous ammonia in the soil air.The combined effect of various characteristics such as soil pH, cation exchange capacity, water capacity and nitrification rate on ammonia losses from various soil types have been studied. The model was validated against experimental results of ammonia losses from different soils for its use as a predicting tool.The model shows that most of ammonia losses can be explained by the interactive effect of high soil pH and low cation exchange capacity. Computations show increased ammonia volatilization with decreasing soil water capacity. Increasing fertilizer application rate has a small effect on percentage of ammonia losses. Increased nitrification rate and shorter "lag" period of nitrification reduce ammonia losses considerably. Good agreement was obtained between model calculations and experimental results of ammonia volatilization from 13 soils.

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Section: Evaluation Of the Model By Experimental Datasupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Model of ammonia volatilization from calcareous soils

et al. 1987

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“…Considerable losses via volatilization can occur when urea is placed in soils of low cation exchange capacity such as those of Niger (Gasser, 1964;Nelson, 1982). Although these losses may be reduced somewhat by fertilizer incorporation, this practice only partially succeeds in lighttextured soils (Terman et al, 1968), especially when fertilizer is concentrated in a band (Overrein and Moe, 1967) or point placed as a supergranule (Buresh, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate and efficiency of N fertilizers applied to pearl millet in Niger

et al. 1990

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Field studies were conducted in Niger using 15N-labeled fertilizers to assess the fate and efficiency of fertilizer N in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R.Br.) production. Total plant uptake of fertilizer N was low in all cases (20%-37%), and losses were severe (25%-53%). The majority of N remaining in the soil was found in the 0-to 15-cm layer though some enrichment at lower depths was found when the N fertilizer was calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN). In a comparison of urea placement methods (band, broadcast, or point placement), no significant differences in lSN uptake or yield were noted though point placement did exacerbate 15N loss. The mechanism of N loss is believed to have been ammonia volatilization. Yields were similar whether urea or CAN was used, but 15N uptake from CAN was higher. A statistical model was developed relating millet yield and N response to midseason rainfall. In drought years, no N response was found, whereas in years of good rainfall a response was found of 15 kg grain for each kilogram of N applied (at 30 kg N ha -~ rate).

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“…Toprak yüzeyine b ı rak ı lan ah ı r gübresi, kompost, yeş il ve yapay gübreler, toprak herbisitleri, bitki art ı klar ı vb. gibi ek maddeler i ş lenen toprak derinli ğinde homojen bir şekilde kar ışt ı rı lmad ı kları zaman topra ğı n su geçirgenli ğ i önemli ölçüde azal ı r ve bitkiler besin maddelerinden de ğ i şik oranlarda yararlan ı rlar (Gasser 1964, Read ve ark. 1968.…”

Section: Giri şunclassified

Diskli Pulluklarda Disk Temel Parametreleri ilerleme Hızı ve İş Derinliğinin Toprağın Karıştırılmasına Etkileri

Ergin¹,

Karaçal²

1999

Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi

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Diskli Pulluklarda Disk Temel Parametreleri ilerleme H ız ı ve İşDerinli ğ inin Topra ğı n Karıştı rı lmas ı na EtkileriErgin DURSUN' Ozgul KARAÇAL12Gel ış Tarihi 11 12 1998Özet: Bu araşt ı rmada, disk temel parametreleri farkli olan 3 adet diskli pullu ğ un topra ğı kan şt ı rma etkisi belirlenmi ştir. Denemelerde; diskin durum ve yön aç ı lar ı , ilerleme h ı z ı ve iş derinliğ i de ğ işken faktörler olarak ele al ı nm ışt ı r. Kar ışt ı rma etkisini belirlemek amac ı yla etiket materyal olarak fasülye, m ısı r ve nohut daneleri kullan ı lm ışt ı r. Topra ğı n farkl ı derinliklerine yerle ştirilen etiket materyallerinin toprak i ş lemeden sonraki konumlar ı bir toprak rendesi yard ı m ı yla belirlenmi ştir. Sonuçlar ı n değ erlendirilmesinde, bir kar ışt ı rma katsay ı s ı ndan yararlan ı lm ışt ı r. Bu katsay ı , s ıfır kan şt ı rmadaki teorik standart sapman ı n, toprak i şlemeden sonra gözlenen standart sapmaya oran ı d ı r. Ara şt ı rma sonuçlanna göre; denenen her pullukta diskin durum ve yön aç ı lar ı n ı n artmas ı yla kan şt ı rma etkinliğ i artm ışt ır. ilerleme h ı z ı n ı n artmas ı yla da pulluklar ı n topra ğı karışt ı rma etkileri artm ışt ı r.Anahtar Kelimeler: Diskli pulluk, toprak, kan şt ı rma, durum aç ısı , yön aç ı s ı , ilerleme h ı z ı , iş derinliği Effects of Basic Disc Parameters of Disc Ploughs Forward Speed and Working Depth on the Soil MixturingAbstract: In this research, the soil mixturing effect of three disc plough which has different basic disc parameters were determined. The position and direction angle, forward speed and working depth were taken as variable factors in the tests. Bean, maize and chickpea seeds were used as labelled material to asses the mixturing effect. After the soil cultivation, the positions of the labelled materials which located in different soil depth was deterrnined with soil grinder. In the evaluation of the results, a mixturing coefficient (K) was used. This coefficient is the ratio of the theoretical standart deviation in zero mixturing to the standart deviation obtained after the soil cultivation. According to the research results, the soil mixturing effect increased with the increasing disc position and direction angle for experimented ploughs. Also, the soil mixturing effects of the ploughs increased with the increasing forward speed.

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Some Factors Affecting Losses of Ammonia From Urea and Ammonium Sulphate Applied to Soils

Cited by 79 publications

References 15 publications

Model of ammonia volatilization from calcareous soils

Model of ammonia volatilization from calcareous soils

Fate and efficiency of N fertilizers applied to pearl millet in Niger

Diskli Pulluklarda Disk Temel Parametreleri ilerleme Hızı ve İş Derinliğinin Toprağın Karıştırılmasına Etkileri

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