Some Evolutionary, Morphoregulatory, and Functional Aspects of the Immune—Neuroendocrine Circuitry

Szentivanyi, Andor; Abarca, Christine M.; Brooks, Stuart M.; Lockey, Richard F.; Prockop, Leon D.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-0349-7_12

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 219 publications

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“…260,261 nNOS increases during CSD, 260 and the genes upregulated in this neuroprotective response are iNOS and HIF-1a. 262 This is an example of an immune memory process, as reviewed by Szentivanyi et al, 263 and may be a similar mechanism to that involved in peripheral nerve injury and varicosity formation. Reversible varicosity formation has also been noted for a number of conditions, such as ischemia 264,265 and toxic assault, [266][267][268] depending on the severity and/or duration of the stimulus.…”

Section: Mt and Cytoskeleton Modulationmentioning

confidence: 88%

Neuroprotective Effects against POCD by Photobiomodulation: Evidence from Assembly/Disassembly of the Cytoskeleton

et al. 2016

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Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a decline in memory following anaesthesia and surgery in elderly patients. While often reversible, it consumes medical resources, compromises patient well-being, and possibly accelerates progression into Alzheimer’s disease. Anesthetics have been implicated in POCD, as has neuroinflammation, as indicated by cytokine inflammatory markers. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is an effective treatment for a number of conditions, including inflammation. PBM also has a direct effect on microtubule disassembly in neurons with the formation of small, reversible varicosities, which cause neural blockade and alleviation of pain symptoms. This mimics endogenously formed varicosities that are neuroprotective against damage, toxins, and the formation of larger, destructive varicosities and focal swellings. It is proposed that PBM may be effective as a preconditioning treatment against POCD; similar to the PBM treatment, protective and abscopal effects that have been demonstrated in experimental models of macular degeneration, neurological, and cardiac conditions.

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