Some embryogenic responses of mummichog, <i>Fundulus heteroclitus</i> (L.) (Cyprinodontidae), to continuous incubation in various combinations of temperature and salinity

Tay, Kok Leng; Garside, E. T.

doi:10.1139/z75-107

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Although we found no differences in DV for air-incubated larvae in the current study, those incubated on burlap had significantly shorter TL than those incubated on the foam treatment. Investigations on the effect of salinity and temperature on mummichog TL at hatch have found that extending embryo development through modifications of temperature, salinity, or both does not produce an increased size at hatch; rather, it changes the rate of development (Tay and Garside 1975). Morphometric parameters were not measured at other salinities in the current study, but results from 7.5 g/L indicate that air incubation substrate type may also alter the rate of development.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

“…The ability to collect and air-incubate embryos past the modal hatch date could allow for coordinating a larger cohort for the production of this baitfish. This could be achieved by manipulating the temperature of the air incubation environment to alter the rate of embryo development (Tay and Garside 1975). Ideally, if air-incubated embryos are similar to water-incubated embryos in fitness and survival, then collection and retention of embryos over a protracted period could be beneficial for achieving simultaneous hatch for greater numbers of cohorts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Influence of Substrate and Salinity on Air‐Incubated Gulf Killifish Embryos

2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gulf killifish Fundulus grandis have evolved the ability to utilize air incubation in marsh grass to protect embryos from aquatic predators and allow for synchronous hatching during the following diurnal peak tide. This incubation strategy provides a humid, oxygen‐rich environment for the embryos to develop. The current project investigated practical materials that could be used in an aquaculture setting to mimic the air incubation strategy at different salinities, and determined the effect of substrate (moistened with 7.5‐g/L salinity water) on embryo size after an extended incubation period (19 d) at 22°C. Air‐incubated embryos were placed on synthetic foam, bamboo batting, or burlap cloth substrates. Substrates were moistened with 3.5‐, 7.5‐, 14‐, 20‐, or 27‐g/L‐salinity water, and hatching was induced by submersion in water after 19 d of incubation. Embryos incubated in water (3.5‐ and 7.5‐g/L salinity) at the same temperature began hatching at 8 d and continued intermittently until 14 d. These water‐incubated embryos had a hatch rate (mean ± SE) of 44.2 ± 1.1% in 3.5‐g/L‐salinity water and 49.1 ± 0.5% in 7.5‐g/L‐salinity water. The percentage of air‐incubated embryos that hatched was significantly affected by both substrate and salinity. For all air incubation substrates, the 7.5‐g/L salinity treatment provided the numerically highest overall percentage of hatched embryos, 69.9 ± 3.6%, 69.9 ± 6.5%, and 73.8 ± 4.6% hatching on foam, bamboo, and burlap, respectively. Overall, the foam substrate had the highest hatch rate among salinity treatments. Embryo size at hatch was assessed at the 7.5‐g/L salinity for water and all air incubation substrates. The air‐incubated larvae were found to be significantly larger than their water‐incubated counterparts, and foam‐incubated larvae had the smallest abdominal area. Air incubation of Gulf killifish eggs on foam substrate can be used as a production tool to produce larvae that can be synchronously hatched after an extended incubation period.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Substrate and Salinity on Air‐Incubated Gulf Killifish Embryos

2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This should minimise the eects of previous environmental history and allow to estimate the genetically based variation in enzyme characteristics. It should be mentioned that this variation may also partially involve irreversible non-genetic adaptations induced by``environmental imprinting'' during early ontogenesis, as has been shown for salinity tolerance and temperaturedependence of metabolism in some marine ®sh and invertebrates (Tay and Garside 1975;Zamer and Mangum 1979). However, it was argued that the phenomenon of irreversible non-genetic adaptations is generally uncommon in animals (Kinne 1962).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature effects on key metabolic enzymes in Littorina saxatilis and L. obtusata from different latitudes and shore levels

Sokolova

Pörtner

2001

Marine Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Eects of temperature on activities of key metabolic enzymes, citrate synthase (CS), NADPdependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-IDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AAT), pyruvate kinase (PK) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), were studied in high and low shore Littorina saxatilis and in low shore L. obtusata from the temperate North Sea and the sub-arctic White Sea. It was found that adaptation of L. saxatilis and L. obtusata to life at dierent latitudes and/or shore levels involves constitutive changes in enzymatic activities, so that animals naturally adapted to (micro-) environments with lower mean temperatures (i.e. in the White Sea or at low shore levels) tend to have higher enzyme activities as compared to their counterparts from warmer habitats (e.g. the North Sea or high shore levels, respectively).This suggests metabolic temperature compensation in dierent populations/subpopulational groups of this eurythermal species. Activities of all ®ve studied enzymes were modulated by adaptations to high shore life in L. saxatilis, whereas only NADP-IDH, PK and PEPCK had dierent activities in animals from dierent latitudes. Adaptation to high shore life also involved an enhanced potential for anaerobic energy production via the succinate pathway in Littorina spp. (measured as the ratio of PEPCK and PK activities), which increased in the order: low shore L. obtusata £ low shore L. saxatilis< high shore L. saxatilis. Possibly, an increased anaerobic capacity is advantageous for snails at high shore levels, where they may experience limited oxygen access during prolonged air exposure. In contrast, the activation energies of the respective enzymes did not reveal a consistent pattern of variation and were similar in animals from dierent latitudes and shore levels. Arrhenius breakpoint temperatures (ABT) of the studied enzymes characterising a change in the thermal properties of the protein were found well within the average highs of ambient temperatures (20±35°C). Denaturation temperatures (T d ), indicating heat inactivation of the protein, were close to the environmental extremes experienced by L. saxatilis during summer low tide. These ®ndings suggest that the metabolic machinery of this eurythermal species may function close to its physiological limits during summer low tide, especially at high shore levels.

show abstract

“…2). When examining the effect of salinity on mummichog embryogenesis, Tay and Garside (1975) did not find a change in the rate of development in salinities ranging from 0 to 30 g/L. However, they reported that hypersaline conditions (60 g/L) began to slow embryogenesis at stages 25 and above ( Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Embryonic development and metabolic costs in Gulf killifish Fundulus grandis exposed to varying environmental salinities

Brown

Gálvez

Green

2012

Fish Physiol Biochem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Gulf killifish (Fundulus grandis) is a euryhaline fish found in coastal marsh along the entire of Gulf of Mexico and southern Atlantic of coast of the United States. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of salinity on embryogenesis in the Gulf killifish. Four recirculation systems at salinities of 0.4, 7, 15, and 30 g/L were maintained at a static temperature with flow-through trays, containing embryos (n = 39) placed in triplicate into each system. Throughout embryogenesis, the rate of development, ammonia and urea excretion, and heart rate were monitored. Percent hatch was recorded, and morphological parameters were measured for larvae at hatch. As salinity was increased, the rate of embryogenesis decreased. Salinity significantly affected percent hatch with an 80.0% ± 2.6% for 7 g/L and 39.1 ± 4.3, 45.4 ± 4.5, and 36.3% ± 12.0% for 0.4, 15, and 30 g/L, respectively. Salinity and stage of development significantly affected production of ammonia and urea. As salinity increased, the dominate metabolite end product changed from urea to ammonia. However, the 15 g/L salinity treatment had the two highest levels of urea recorded. Heart rate was unaffected by salinity but increased throughout embryogenesis and remained constant once embryos reached stages where hatching has been recorded. While mean total length was not affected by salinity, embryos incubated in 30 g/L produced larvae with significantly thicker body depth at hatch. The 0.4, 7, and 15 g/L salinity treatments all had similar mean hours to hatch. The 30 g/L treatment resulted in a significantly longer mean time to hatch and smaller body cavity area at hatch.

show abstract

Some embryogenic responses of mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus (L.) (Cyprinodontidae), to continuous incubation in various combinations of temperature and salinity

Cited by 21 publications

References 22 publications

Influence of Substrate and Salinity on Air‐Incubated Gulf Killifish Embryos

Influence of Substrate and Salinity on Air‐Incubated Gulf Killifish Embryos

Temperature effects on key metabolic enzymes in Littorina saxatilis and L. obtusata from different latitudes and shore levels

Embryonic development and metabolic costs in Gulf killifish Fundulus grandis exposed to varying environmental salinities

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About