“…There also is evidence for the occurrence of motion sickness in animals, such as rats, which do not possess an emetic reflex (Hatcher, 1924). Body rotation can be used as an effective manipulation, when paired with a novel taste, in the production of a conditioned taste avoidance (CTA) in a variety of nonemetic species (Braun & McIntosh, 1973; Fox, Lauber, Daunton, Phillips, & Diaz, 1984; Hutchinson, 1973; McCoy, Nallan, & Pace, 1980; Ossenkopp, 1983; Ossenkopp & Frisken, 1982; Ossenkopp & Ossenkopp, 1990; Ossenkopp & Tu, 1984) as well as emetic species (e.g., Arwas, Rolnick, & Lubow, 1989; Fox, Corcoran, & Brizzee, 1990; Mellor & White, 1978; Roy & Brizzee, 1979). In addition, body rotation has been shown to induce such typical signs of motion sickness as reductions in body temperature (Ossenkopp, Rabi, Eckel, & Hargreaves, 1994) and spontaneous motor activity (Eskin & Riccio, 1966; Ossenkopp, Rabi, Eckel, & Hargreaves, 1994; Riccio, Igarashi & Eskin, 1967).…”