Some effects of phorate on earthworms

Saunders, D.G.; Forgie, C.D.

doi:10.30843/nzpp.1977.30.9028

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“…For example, herbicides were more toxic to L. rubellus in a sandy soil in which it could not breed than a 'muck' (organic) soil which supported cocoon production (Caseley & Eno 1966). Even the ability of the same soil to support earthworm growth and reproduction changes during the year (Martin unpublished data) probably Kelsey 1969Kelsey & Read 1966aKelsey & Read 1966bKring 1969Moed 1975O'Connor & Hart 1976Saunders & Forgie 1977Fox 1974Maclean et al 1970Martin 1976Rough & Haeske 1966Thompson 1971McColl 1984Ruppel & Laughlin 1977Smiley & Craven 1978Edwards et al 1979 o Edwards & Lofty 1971Tomlin & Gore 1974-Edwards et al 1978Symonds 1975Way & Scopes 1968Edwards et al 1974Finlayson & Campbell 1975Flickner et al 1980 as a result of the changing composition of the micro-organism populations. Variation of the soil could be overcome by using a single homogeneous batch of natural soil for all tests of a single pesticide or by using a standardised artificial soil.…”

Section: Laboratory Tests With a Caliginosamentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of pesticides toAllobophora caliginosa(Oligochaeta : Lumbricidae)

Martin¹

1986

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Juvenile (4-week-old) earthworms reared in a laboratory were kept individually for 7 days in soil treated with several concentrations of various pesticides. Mortality and weight change were recorded. The relative toxicity of each pesticide-i.e., the cOlicentration (mg/kg of dry soil) of pesticide causing zero growth-compared with the standard, carbofuran (0.10), was aldicarb (0.09), phorate (0.30), aldoxycarb (0.40), methomyl (0.54), ox amyl (0.59), isazophos (0.93), fenamifos (5.72), fensulfothion (7.35), diazinon (12.4), copper (106), and citowett (525). Field trial data from 33 published reports show similar relative toxicity results. The toxicity of carbofuran to Lumbricus rubellus and All%bophora caliginosa was similar. Decreasing concentrations of carbofuran caused mortality, suppression of growth, and suppression of egg capsule production in mature (clitellate) A. caliginosa collected from the field. The concentrations of carbofuran safe to juvenile and clitellate A. ca/iginosa were similar. Use of a single batch of natural soil, an artificial soil, or the silica powder and glass bead media used in one of the proposed EEC tests could reduce variation between tests. The latter media would provide the most standardised conditions for a toxicity test. Juvenile A. caliginosa which are easily reared would be a more appropriate species for the EEC test than Eisenia fetida.

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Section: Laboratory Tests With a Caliginosamentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of pesticides toAllobophora caliginosa(Oligochaeta : Lumbricidae)

Martin¹

1986

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Some effects of phorate on earthworms

Cited by 1 publication

References 0 publications

Toxicity of pesticides toAllobophora caliginosa(Oligochaeta : Lumbricidae)

Toxicity of pesticides toAllobophora caliginosa(Oligochaeta : Lumbricidae)

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