Some Effects of Farmyard Manure and of Grass Residues on Soil Structure

Williams, R. J. B.; Cooke, G. W.

doi:10.1097/00010694-196107000-00005

Cited by 58 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…Probably, these effects could not be measured in our experiment because the positive effects of grass and its roots on soil structure outweighed the added effects of fertilization on soil structure-forming biota. Williams and Cook (1961) concluded from their study on arable land that a grass ley was much more effective than farmyard manure in improving soil structure. Although in our experiment soil structure was not significantly affected by any treatment, the percentage of soil crumbs significantly increased with a higher earthworm biomass.…”

Section: Effects Of Different Organic Fertilizers On Soil Biotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil biological quality of grassland fertilized with adjusted cattle manure slurries in comparison with organic and inorganic fertilizers

et al. 2009

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We studied the effect of five fertilizers (including two adjusted manure slurries) and an untreated control on soil biota and explored the effect on the ecosystem services they provided. Our results suggest that the available N (NO 3 − and NH 4 + ) in the soil plays a central role in the effect of fertilizers on nematodes and microorganisms. Microorganisms are affected directly through nutrient availability and indirectly through grass root mass. Nematodes are affected indirectly through microbial biomass and grass root mass. A lower amount of available N in the treatment with inorganic fertilizer was linked to a higher root mass and a higher abundance and proportion of herbivorous nematodes. A higher amount of available N in the organic fertilizer treatments resulted in a twofold higher bacterial activity (measured as bacterial growth rate, viz. thymidine incorporation), a higher proportion of bacterivorous nematodes, a 30% higher potential N mineralization (aerobic incubation), and 25-50% more potentially mineralizable N (anaerobic incubation). Compared to inorganic fertilizer, organic fertilization increased the C total, the N total, the activity of decomposers, and the supply of nutrients via the soil food web. Within the group of organic fertilizers, there was no significant difference in C total, abundances of soil biota, and the potential N mineralization rate. There were no indications that farmyard manure or the adjusted manure slurries provided the ecosystem service "supply of nutrients" better than normal manure slurry. Normal manure slurry provided the highest bacterial activity and the highest amount of mineralizable N and it was the only fertilizer resulting in a positive trend in grass yield over the years [2000][2001][2002][2003][2004][2005]. The number of earthworm burrows was higher in the treatments with organic fertilizers compared to the one with the inorganic fertilizer, which suggests that organic fertilizers stimulate the ecosystem service of water regulation more than inorganic fertilizer. The trend towards higher epigeic earthworm numbers with application of farmyard manure and one of the adjusted manure slurries, combined with the negative relation between epigeic earthworms and bulk density and a significantly lower penetration resistance in the same fertilizer types, is preliminary evidence that these two organic fertilizer types contribute more to the service of soil structure maintenance than inorganic fertilizer.

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Section: Effects Of Different Organic Fertilizers On Soil Biotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil biological quality of grassland fertilized with adjusted cattle manure slurries in comparison with organic and inorganic fertilizers

et al. 2009

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“…Besides increasing soil OM, manure applications improve soil structure (Williams and Cooke 1961;Hafez 1974;N'Dayegamiye and Angers 1990). Soil OM has long been recognized as playing an important role in the formation of water-stable aggregates as a binding agent of soil particles (Tisdall and Oades 1982).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate and mineral-associated organic matter in water-stable aggregates as affected by mineral fertilizer and manure applications

Aoyama¹,

Angers²,

N’Dayegamiye³

1999

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

171

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Aoyama, M., Angers, D. A. and N'Dayegamiye, A. 1999. Particulate and mineral-associated organic matter in water-stable aggregates as affected by mineral fertilizer and manure applications. Can. J. Soil Sci. 79: 295-302. Application of cattle manure generally improves soil structure and organic matter (OM) content. However, changes in forms and location of OM within the aggregate structure are less well known. The effects of long-term (18-yr) applications of cattle manure (20 Mg ha -1 yr -1 ) and NPK fertilizer on the distribution of particulate and mineral-associated organic matter in water-stable aggregates were investigated in a Le Bras loam (Humic Gleysol). Soil samples from the 0-to 10-cm depth were taken from the untreated control, NPK, manure and NPK + manure treatments. They were separated into four aggregate-size fractions (>1000 µm, 250-1000 µm, 53-250 µm, and <53 µm) by slaking air-dried soil, followed by wet sieving. Particulate (>53 µm) and mineral-associated OM (<53 µm) were separated from water-stable aggregates >53 µm by sieving after mechanical dispersion. After 18 yr, manure increased the OM level of the whole soil and favored formation of slaking-resistant macroaggregates (250-1000 µm). This effect was primarily a result of the OM added by the manure. In contrast, NPK fertilizer did not affect soil OM level or macroaggregation. The increase in OM induced by manure application was observed primarily in macroaggregates, and both as mineral-associated and particulate OM. However, manure did not change OM located in the fraction <53 µm confirming that recently deposited OM preferentially accumulates within the aggregate structure and not in the finely or non-aggregated material. Since previous studies have shown that most of the C in cattle manure is composed of coarse particles, we hypothesize that manure-derived OM first enters the soil primarily as particulate material, then, during decomposition, is transformed within the aggregate structure into mineralassociated material thereby contributing to aggregate stabilization.Key words: Cattle manure, mineral fertilization, particulate organic matter, soil structure Aoyama, M., Angers, D. A. et N'Dayegamiye, A. 1999. Influence de l'application de fertilisants mineraux et de fumier sur les formes de matière organique dans les agrégats stable à l'eau. Can. J. Soil Sci. 79: 295-302. L'incorporation de fumier de bovin au sol conduit généralement à l'amélioration de sa structure et de sa teneur en matière organique (MO). Cependant, les effets sur la nature et la localisation de la MO sont moins bien connus. Nous avons étudié les conséquences à long terme (18 années) de l'application de fumier de bovin (20 Mg ha -1 année -1 ) et de fertilisants minéraux sur la distribution de la MO fine et grossière dans les agrégats d'un loam Le Bras (Gleysol humique). Des échantillons de sol ont été prélevés de l'horizon 0-10 cm des parcelles témoin (sans amendement) et des parcelles traitées soit avec des fertilisants minéraux (NPK), du fumier de bovin, ou NPK + fumier....

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“…An increase in soil C content increases aggregation, decreases bulk density, and increases water holding capacity and hydraulic conductivity (Williams and Cooke, 1961;Tiarks et al, 1974;Gupta et al, 1977). In some soils, organic matter has a dominating effect on soil bulk density (Curtis and Post 1964;Saini, 1966).…”

Section: The Impact Of Soil Organic Matter On Bulk Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil and crop management and biomass removal effects on soil organic matter content in Hungary

Eleki¹,

Cruse²,

Rogovska³

et al. 2014

stagec

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Some Effects of Farmyard Manure and of Grass Residues on Soil Structure

Cited by 58 publications

References 0 publications

Soil biological quality of grassland fertilized with adjusted cattle manure slurries in comparison with organic and inorganic fertilizers

Soil biological quality of grassland fertilized with adjusted cattle manure slurries in comparison with organic and inorganic fertilizers

Particulate and mineral-associated organic matter in water-stable aggregates as affected by mineral fertilizer and manure applications

Soil and crop management and biomass removal effects on soil organic matter content in Hungary

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