Some effects of d-amphetamine, caffeine, nicotine and cocaine on schedule-controlled responding of the mouse

Glowa, John R.

doi:10.1016/0028-3908(86)90160-7

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This is of particular interest, given that disruptive properties of a drug have been postulated to influence rates of responding for the drugs during self-administration sessions (Wilson et al 1971;Katz 1989). Several studies have examined the effects of stimulants and related drugs on schedule-controlled behavior in mice (Wenger and Dews 1976;Harris et al 1978;McKim 1980;Glowa 1986;Miczek and Haney 1994;Elmer and George 1995). More specifically, cocaine has been shown to suppress operant behavior in mice (Glowa 1986) in a similar pattern to that reported in rats (D'Mello et al 1981;van Haaren and Anderson 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Several studies have examined the effects of stimulants and related drugs on schedule-controlled behavior in mice (Wenger and Dews 1976;Harris et al 1978;McKim 1980;Glowa 1986;Miczek and Haney 1994;Elmer and George 1995). More specifically, cocaine has been shown to suppress operant behavior in mice (Glowa 1986) in a similar pattern to that reported in rats (D'Mello et al 1981;van Haaren and Anderson 1994). The study by Glowa (1986) was conducted in a heterogeneous stock of outbred mice (CD1) and the possibility for differential effects in other strains of mice has not been examined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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The effects of cocaine on operant responding for food in several strains of mice

et al. 1997

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The availability of numerous genetically homogenous mouse strains permits the analysis of genetic influences on behavior and also behavioral sensitivity (responsivity) to drugs of abuse. The current study was conducted to characterize discriminated operant responding for food in four inbred strains (Balb/cByJ, DBA/2J, C57BL/6J, SJL/J), an F1 Hybrid (C57BL/6xSJL), and one outbred strain (CD1) of mouse. The effect of cocaine on this operant behavior was also examined. Initially, all animals were trained to nosepoke for food on a continuous reinforcement schedule. The minimum response requirement for reinforcement was increased every 5 days until the animals were responding on an FR-15 schedule of reinforcement. All strains increased operant responding as the schedule of reinforcement was raised. However, significant differences in response rate and discrimination learning were observed among the various strains of mice. Cocaine administration reduced operant responding for food in Balb/cByJ, C57BL/6J, C57BL/6xSJL/J and CD1 mice at a dose of 15.0 mg/kg, whereas higher doses were required in DBA/2J mice (30.0 mg/kg) and SJL/J mice (56.0 mg/kg). These results suggest that operant performance and the effect of cocaine on this behavior is differentially influenced by genetic make-up.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

The effects of cocaine on operant responding for food in several strains of mice

et al. 1997

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“…Response rates typically increase across the interval from low or zero rates early in the interval to higher steady rates near the end of the interval. Amphetamine produces robust increases early in the interval in response rates of pigeons (e.g., Katz & Barrett, 1979;McMillan, 1968), rats (e.g., Ksir & Nelson, 1977;McAuley & Leslie, 1986), mice (e.g., Glowa, 1986;McKim, 1980), monkeys (e.g., Goethe & Isaac, 1977;Herling, Downs, & Woods, 1979), and humans (e.g., Stitzer, 1984) maintained by FI schedules.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of D‐amphetamine in a Temporal Discrimination Procedure: Selective Changes in Timing or Rate Dependency?

Odum

Lieving

Schaal

2002

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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Two experiments evaluated rate dependency and a neuropharmacological model of timing as explanations of the effects of amphetamine on behavior under discriminative control by time. Four pigeons pecked keys during 60-trial sessions. On each trial, the houselight was lit for a particular duration (5 to 30 s), and then the key was lit for 30 s. In Experiment 1, the key could be lit either green or blue. If the key was lit green and the sample was 30 s, or if the key was lit blue and the sample was 5 s, pecks produced food on a variable-interval 20-s schedule. The rate of key pecking increased as a function of sample duration when the key was green and decreased as a function of sample duration when the key was blue. Acute d-amphetamine (0.1 to 3.0 mg/kg) decreased higher rates of key pecking and increased lower rates of key pecking as predicted by rate dependency, but did not shift the timing functions leftward (toward overestimation) as predicted by the neuropharmacological model. These results were replicated in Experiment 2, in which the key was lit only one color during sessions, indicating that the effects were not likely due to disruption of discriminative control by key color. These results are thus consistent with rate dependency but not with the predictions of the neuropharmacological model.

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“…Thus the subjects were trained in a drug-free state ensuring that the effects of cocaine administration on lever-touch responding were not confounded by any locomotor, attentional, or motivational changes seen following pre-session injections of comparable doses of cocaine (Pickens and Thompson 1968;Gonzalez and Goldberg 1977;Glowa 1986;Fischman 1987;Grilly et al 1989;Grilly and Grogan 1990;Lau et al 1991). These findings suggest that the changes in behavior seen in cocaine-treated rats are a reflection of the interaction of cocaine with neural processes subserving the formation or consolidation of memories for events occurring immediately before stimulant treatment (McGaugh 1966;Martinez et al 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, because pre-session cocaine administration affects motor and feeding behavior (Fischman 1987;Lau et al 1991), rates of lever-press responding (Pickens and Thompson 1968;Gonzalez and Goldberg 1977;Glowa 1986;Lau et al 1991), and attention (Grilly et al 1989;Grilly and Grogan 1990), we examined the effects of cocaine on learning and memory by administering the stimulant immediately after the conditioning session. This type of post-session drug administration eliminates direct drug effects on sensory (CS and UCS) processing and motor performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocaine impairs acquisition of an autoshaped lever-touch response

1997

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The effects of daily peripheral (IP) post-session injection of cocaine on the development of an autoshaped lever-touch response in rats were investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received ten daily pairings of a retractable lever (conditioned stimulus; CS) and food delivery (unconditioned stimulus; UCS). Food delivery occurred if the subjects contacted the extended lever within 10 s, or, if the subjects failed to contact the lever, at the end of the 10-s stimulus interval. These contingencies resulted in increased lever-touch responses over 10 days of conditioning. Cocaine (5.6-19.0 mg/kg) impaired development of the lever-touch response, as compared to saline-treated control subjects. Because the injections were given immediately after each conditioning session, we suggest that cocaine affects the neural processes involved in consolidation. Three additional control experiments support this suggestion. The effect of cocaine on lever-touch acquisition was time-dependent as daily injection of cocaine (5.6 mg/kg) 3 h after each conditioning session did not affect lever-touch acquisition. In addition, the effect of cocaine was dependent upon the explicit pairing of lever extension (CS) and food delivery (UCS) as immediate post-session cocaine (5.6 mg/kg) administration did not alter responding when the presentation of both the CS and the UCS was uncorrelated. Cocaine (5.6 mg/kg) administered to subjects previously trained to a performance criterion did not affect lever-touch responding, indicating that cocaine administration (5.6 mg/kg) impairs the development, but not the maintenance, of autoshaped lever-touch responding. In contrast, the highest dose of cocaine tested, 19.0 mg/kg, did decrease lever-touch responding in well-trained subjects, indicating that post-session administration of higher doses of cocaine can produce aversive effects that may affect both the acquisition and maintenance of appetitively motivated behavior in the rat. The relative contributions of the instrumental and classical associations inherent in the autoshaping procedure were investigated by altering response contingencies. Rats showed no evidence of learning the lever-touch response when lever insertion and food delivery were positively correlated, and no explicit response contingency was present (classical conditioning); further, cocaine-treated subjects did not differ from saline-treated subjects. However, cocaine did impair lever-touch responding in the instrumental version of the task. Taken together, these results show that the post-session administration of cocaine can impair the acquisition of a multi-trial, multi-session appetitively motivated response.

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Some effects of d-amphetamine, caffeine, nicotine and cocaine on schedule-controlled responding of the mouse

Cited by 25 publications

References 25 publications

The effects of cocaine on operant responding for food in several strains of mice

The effects of cocaine on operant responding for food in several strains of mice

Effects of D‐amphetamine in a Temporal Discrimination Procedure: Selective Changes in Timing or Rate Dependency?

Cocaine impairs acquisition of an autoshaped lever-touch response

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