Some effects of a white institution on black psychiatric outpatients.

Abstract

Previous studies have suggested that white people (particularly white authority figures) may have a deleterious impact on black people. This study set out to see if white therapists have a deleterious effect on black therapy patients, and concludes that there is an interactional effect among race, sex and medical‐assistance status of patients. Several explanations are offered to account for the data.

Effect of Therapist Color-Blindness on Empathy and Attributions in Cross-Cultural Counseling.

“…For example, research suggests that in comparison to their White counterparts, racial-ethnic minority clients' level of psychopathology is overestimated (Gynther, 1972(Gynther, , 1979, their prognosis is often underestimated (Butcher, Braswell, & Raney, 1983), they are engaged in shorter periods of treatment (Yamamoto, James, Bloombaum, & Hattem, 1967), they are referred to more restricted forms of treatment (Gynther, 1979;Krebs, 1971), and they have higher termination rates from treatment (S. Sue, Fujino, Hu, Takeuchi, & Zane, 1991;Terrell & Terrell, 1984). Although this research is dated, it is, in fact, the most recent such research available.…”

Counselling ethnic minority groups at the University of Dar es Salaam: a personal experience

“…This viewpoint is echoed by Sue and Sue (1977). But Krebs (1971), while agreeing with Ome and Wender above, asserts that the higher drop-out rate among Black American clients is caused by the clients' mistrust of the white counsellors. Terrell and Terrell (1984) came out with evidence that Black Americans are more likely to terminate their counselling relationship prematurely when seen by a white counsellor than when seen by a fellow Black American counsellor.…”

Clinical Decision Making of Short- Versus Long-Term Treatment

“…A large body of evidence shows that women are over medicated in relation to men (e.g., Dworkin & Adams, 1984). Racial differences too have related to different practices with minority clients tending to get less preferred treatment (Krebs, 1971;Lewis, Balla, & Shanok, 1979;Lorion, 1973Lorion, , 1974.…”